Biology EOC Review Set 14

Scientists have discovered a single-celled organism, and need to classify it as either a prokaryote or a eukaryote. Which of the following structures, if present, would indicate that the organism is a eukaryote? 

• mitochondria
• DNA
• plasma membrane 
• cytoplasm

Cell membranes are selectively permeable. Some solutes move freely across cell membranes, while other solutes require assistance from special gates. Passive transport and active transport are methods of moving solutes across cell membranes. Which of the following accurately describes the difference between passive transport and active transport?  

• Passive transport can move molecules both in and out of a cell, but active transport cannot.
• Passive transport works against a concentration gradient, but active transport does not.
• Passive transport does not require energy, but active transport does. 
• Passive transport requires carrier proteins, but active transport does not. 

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control released this 3-D graphical representation of the H1N1 influenza virus. Approximately five million Americans were infected with this virus during a four-month period in 2009.                     Which of the following is NOT true of the H1N1 virus?

• It cannot reproduce on its own.
• It lacks ribosomes.
• It lacks both DNA and RNA. 
• It does not grow or undergo division.

During human fertilization, a single-celled zygote is formed. This cell divides, and the daughter cells continue to divide until an embryo is formed.                               Which of the following BEST describes this process of cell division?   Ⓐ  Ⓑ Ⓒ  Ⓓ  I

• It produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. 
• It takes place during the S phase of interphase. 
• It takes place during the G1 phase of interphase. 
• It produces daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

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Most of the cells in the human body continually undergo mitosis so that dead or damaged cells can be replaced. The diagram below shows the phases of mitosis. Which of the following lists the four basic phases of mitosis in the order in which they occur? 

•  prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase 
•  interphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase 
•  interphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase 
• metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase 

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

 The nervous system of an adult human consists of more than one billion nerve cells. The diagram below shows a typical neuron. Which of the following BEST describes the functions of the neuron’s structures?  

• Dendrites carry impulses toward the cell body, and axons carry impulses away from the cell body. 
• Axons carry impulses toward the cell body, and dendrites carry impulses away from the cell body. 
• Both dendrites and axons carry impulses toward the cell body. 
• Both dendrites and axons carry impulses away from the cell body. 

Which of the following is NOT a difference between normal cell division and cancer cell division?

• Normal cells recognize signals that tell them to stop and start the cell cycle, but cancer cells do not. 
• Normal cells can invade other tissues, but cancer cells cannot. 
• In normal cells DNA is replicated correctly, but in cancer cells DNA is mutated. 
• Normal cells communicate with each other, but cancer cells do not. 

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Pepsin is an enzyme produced by the lining of the stomach that aids in the digestion of proteins. Which of the following BEST describes the role of pepsin in protein digestion?  

• Pepsin separates the nucleotides in base pairs. 
• Pepsin severs the peptide bonds between amino acids. 
• Pepsin separates the glycerol from fatty acids. 
•  Pepsin separates the glucose from fructose. 

Scientists often form hypotheses based on particular observations. Which of the following is NOT true of a good hypothesis?

• A good hypothesis is complex. 
• A good hypothesis is testable. 
• A good hypothesis is logical. 
• A good hypothesis predicts future events. 

During a lab activity, a biology student was instructed to examine various prepared slides under a microscope. The student noted his observations in the chart below. Which of the following is a valid conclusion based on the student’s observations? 

• Slides 1 and 2 are slides of eukaryotes, and slide 3 is a slide of a prokaryote. 
• All three slides are slides of eukaryotes
• Slides 1 and 3 are slides of eukaryotes, and slide 2 is a slide of a prokaryote.
• Slides 1 and 3 are slides of prokaryotes, and slide 2 is a slide of a eukaryote. 

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