Biology Category 2 Genetics

Which of the following sets of nitrogenous bases would be classified as pyrimidines?

• Adenine, Guanine, Thymine
• Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
• Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine
• Uracil, Guanine, Thymine

A diagram of the DNA double helix is provided.  

Which of the following components of DNA is indicated by the arrow?

• Hydrogen bond
• Sugar-phosphate backbone
• Guanine-Cytosine
• Adenine-Thymine

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which of the following best explains the universal nature of the genetic code?

• All genetic coding is based on the same components: thymine, cytosine, adenine, and guanine.
• All organisms have the same number of genes in each of their paired strands of chromosomes.
• A mutation that appears in the genetic code of one organism will eventually spread to all living things.
• Genes coding for specific adaptations are always found in the same location—in the chromosome of all organisms.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which of the following represents the best description for the structure of DNA?

• A double helix structure that consists of two polynucleotide chains
• A five carbon sugar found as part of the structural components of a nucleotide
• A structure containing information about the external environment of a cell
• All of the possible forms of a gene that can occur in an individual

The process of DNA fingerprinting allows scientists to study organisms by doing which of the following?

• Analyzing DNA left behind in the oily residue of fingerprints
• Making images of sequences of DNA from individual organisms
• Breaking open an individual’s cells to release the DNA fragments
• Matching of base sequences in the DNA sample with that of finger cells

The gene for tallness (T) in a pea plant is dominant over the gene for shortness (t).  In a cross between two heterozygous parent pea plants, we can predict that what percentage of the offspring will be tall?

• 100%
• 50%
• 75%
• 25%

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Which of the following is the most complete and accurate description of mutation?

• Three adjacent nitrogen bases of mRNA that code for an amino acid
• The process of matching anticodon sequences in tRNA to mRNA codons
• A spontaneous change in DNA that may lead to cellular malfunction
• A biomolecule composed of amino acids connected by peptide bonds

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following is the best explanation of the process of translation?

• An mRNA strand is copied from the original DNA sequence.
• Amino acids are placed in order to build a protein.
• A piece of DNA is moved along the chromosome.
• DNA is changed due to a mistake or environmental factor.

Which of the following models best represents a portion of the process of transcription?

• A
• B
• C
• D

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which statement best describes the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction?

• It produces haploid gametes, with half the number of chromosomes.
• It creates organisms with better adaptability to the environment.
• It allows all types of cells to produce two sets of identical chromosomes.
• It produces up to eight diploid cells, each with the same number of chromosomes.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2