The West 21-3

Spanish and English breeds of cattle brought to the West mixed, and by the 1800s had produced the Texas ________________.

• Hereford
• Angus
• Longhorn
• Charlois

In 1867 businessman __________________ built cattle pens in Abilene, Kansas, so that cattle could be shipped by rail from Abilene directly to processing plants in St. Louis, Missouri.  

• James Armour
• Gustavus Swift
• Joseph McCoy
• Oscar Mayer

The Cattle Kingdom stretched from ____________________ to Canada.

• Oklahoma
• Mexico
• Texas
• Nebraska

Western cowboys borrowed much from the Mexican _______________ who had worked on ranches, including the western saddle, the lariat, and leather chaps. 

• vaqueros
• muchachos
• amigos
• burritos

____________, long journeys where cowboys herded cattle to market or to the northern Plains for grazing, usually lasted several months and covered hundreds of miles.

• Cattle drives
• Cattle roundups
• Cattle brandings
• Cattle Vaccinations

The most heavily used route for moving cattle was the ______________, which headed north from San Antonio, Texas, to Dodge City, Kansas.

• Mormon Trail
• Western Trail
• Northern Trail
• Cattle Trail

In 1882 ______________ used the newly invented refrigerator railroad car to carry beef from packing plants to the big eastern cities, increasing the national demand for beef.

• Oscar Mayer
• Gustavus Swift
• Fred Simon
• Tom Morrell

In 1873 Joseph Glidden ___________, which made it much easier to fence off large amounts of land at a low cost.

• cattle panels
• post hole diggers
• fencing pliers
• barbed wire

Competition for land on which to graze their cattle led to _________________ between large ranchers, small ranchers, and farmers.

• sheep paddocks
• watering holes
• range wars
•  contracts

Cattle ranchers also fought with ____________ owners, whose animals would chew the grass down to where it could no longer feed cattle.

• pigs
• sheep
• alpaca
• ostrich