AP Gov Supreme Court Cases

(1883) Bill of Rights does not apply to the states

• Barron v. Baltimore
• Brandenburg v. Ohio
• Buckley v. Valeo
• Gibbons v. Ogden

(1962) Prayer in public schools prohibited by First Amendment (which was made applicable to the states under the 14th amendment)

• Engle v. Vitale
• Escovedo v. Illinois
• Gideon v. Wainwright
• Gitlow v. New York

(1824) Steamboats on the Hudson River. The Constitution gives the Federal government power to regulate commerce. Opened door to the use of commerce clause by the Federal government to control states.

• Gideon v. Wainwright
• Gibbons v. Ogden
• Griswold v. Connecticut
• Korematsu v. US

(1925) Supreme Court held that freedom of speech and of the press were among the "fundamental personal rights" protected by the due-process clause of the 14th A. from infringements by state (as well as federal) action. This case allowed the incorporation of the Bill of Rights to apply to state government as well as the national government.

• Gitlow v. New York
• Gideon v. Wainwright
• Gibbons v. Ogden
• Engle v. Vitale

(1963) The state's refusal to appoint counsel for an indigent accused of non-capital felony violated due process clause.

• Gideon v. Wainwright
• Gibbons v. Ogden
• Engle v. Vitale
• Brandenburg v. Ohio

(1954, 1955) Overturned Plessy case. Racially segregated public facilities are unconstitutional.

• Brown v. Board of Education
• Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
• INS v. Chadha
• Lemon v. Kurtzman

(1971) Concerns aid to sectarian schools; Lemon test created to interpret the establishment clause.

• Lemon v. Kurtzman
• Mapp v. Ohio
• Marbury v. Madison
• Lau v. Nichols

(1976) Upheld FECA's limitations placed on campaign contributions but protected independent political expenditures as free speech.

• Buckley v. Valeo
• Brandenburg v. Ohio
• Baker v. Carr
• Escovedo v. Illinois

(1803) Established the "very essence of judicial duty" in deciding what laws conform to the Constitution - judicial review

• Marbury v. Madison
• McCulloch v. Maryland
• Miranda v. Arizona
• Near v. Minnesota

(1819) US Constitution is "the supreme law of the land." This case began the process of expanding the power of the federal government through the necessary and proper clause. (Implied powers; since Congress has the power to tax and spend, the creation of a nation bank is implied [necessary and proper] to that end).

• McCulloch v. Maryland
• Marbury v. Madison
• Miller v. Johnson
• Plessy v. Ferguson