Protestant Reformation

German monk ______________________ preached two key concepts which challenged church authority: salvation is achieved by faith alone and the Bible is the only valid authority.

• Martin Luther
• John Calvin
• Johann Tetzel
• Johann Gutenberg

To help pay for the building of St. Peter's Basilica and the lavish lifestyle of the Medici papacy, Pope Leo X sent emissaries such as Johann Tetzel to collect ______________________.

• indulgences
• tithes
• simony
• sacrements

Appalled by the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church, Martin Luther posted the __________________ sparking the Protest Reformation.

• Declaration of Rights
• 95 Theses
• Magna Carta
• Edict of Nantes

With aid from ______________________________'s printing press, Luther's defiant challenge of church authority spread throughout Europe.

• Johann Gutenberg
• Martin Luther
• Henry VIII
• Christopher Columbus

Holy Roman Emperor Charles V called for the _______________________ to try Martin Luther for heresy; however, the German monk would not recount his statements.

• Star Chamber
• Diet of Worms
• Edict of Nantes
• Magna Carta

In an ironic twist, Martin Luther supported the nobles in the ________________________, thus creating a close tie between Lutheranism and the German nobility.

• Peasant Wars
• Holy Crusades
• English Civil War
• Thirty Years War

The ________________________ ended a civil war between Catholics led by Charles V and Protestants led by German monks, giving the right for nobles to determine state religion.

• Peace of Augsburg
• Edict of Nantes
• Treaty of Utrecht
• Paris Peace Conference

Another Protestant John Calvin preached the tenet of _______________________ which stressed the idea that God's grace would save the elect whose duty was to spread Christianity.

• predestination
• justification by faith
• divine right of kings
• holy matrimony

John Calvin developed a ____________________ in Geneva, Switzerland, which inspired future Calvinist leaders throughout Europe.

• theocracy
• oligarchy
• democracy
• republic

In France, nearly half of the nobles, especially those who did not approve of the Valois king, converted to Calvinism and became recognized as _________________________.

• Huguenots
• indulgences