8th grade NC SS Final Exam Review

How did the Great Migration affect American society? 

• African-American people created a new urban culture in the North. 
• The South promoted progressive laws and economic opportunities. 
• Racism and prejudice were less prevalent across the United States. 
• The African-American population increased in southern coastal cities. 

The following excerpt describes the weak economy of North Carolina during the early 1800s:

^{Cotton is now almost the only article which bears transportation. But . . . even cotton will not long remain a source of profit in our present manner of [transportation]. The states of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, Louisiana, together with the Arkansas . . . are yearly filling up more and more with an enterprising population, who are pressing their production of cotton to a [large] extent. They possess navigable rivers, and they are acting upon the same policy of internal improvement as has been prosecuted by other states.}

^{*James Mebane and Dennis Heartt, August 1, 1828 Courtesy of Documenting the American South, UNC Library}

Which obstacle did many North Carolinians believe prevented economic growth in North Carolina during these years?

• The cotton of North Carolina was of lower quality than the cotton of other southern states.

• The North Carolina government imported cotton and other goods from neighboring states.

• The soil in North Carolina was inadequate for the farming of high-profit crops like cotton.

• Government leaders failed to support investment in infrastructure like roads and railroads.

What does the chart above indicate about poverty in North Carolina, compared to the United States, from 2001 to October 2010?

^{According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Business Establishment Age (BED) data series on age of establishment tracks cohorts of new business establishments “born” in the same year and reports on their associated employment. The number of new business establishments (establishments that are less than 1 year old in any given year) tends to rise and fall with the business cycle of the overall economy. As shown in chart 1, the number of new establishments for the year ending in March 2010 was lower than any other year since the series began. (Data by age are not available prior to 1994.)}

• Poverty rates were higher in North Carolina than in the United States, while state and national economies were unstable.

• Poverty rates were the same in both North Carolina and the United States, while state and national economies were stable.

• Poverty rates decreased more quickly in North Carolina than in the United States, while state and national economies were stable.

• Poverty rates steadily increased in North Carolina and steadily decreased in the United States, while state and national economies were unstable.

^{A Declaration of Rights made by the Representatives of the Freemen of the State of North Carolina.}

^{Section I. That all political power is vested in and derived from the People only.}

^{Section II. That the people of this State ought to have the sole and exclusive Right of regulating the internal Government and Police thereof.}

^{**N.C. Constitution, Declaration of Rights, 1776 Courtesy of Documenting the American South, UNC Library}

Which democratic ideal summarizes this excerpt from North Carolina’s original constitution?

• federalism

• rule of law

• separation of powers

• popular sovereignty

The consequences of a speedy removal will be important to the United States, to individual states, and to the Indians themselves. The pecuniary advantages which it promises to the government are the least of its recommendations. It puts an end to all possible danger of collision between the authorities of the general and state governments on account of the Indians. It will place a dense and civilized population in large tracts of country now occupied by a few savage hunters. By opening the whole territory between Tennessee on the north and Louisiana on the south to the settlement of the whites it will incalculably strengthen the southwestern frontier and render the adjacent states strong enough to repel future invasions without remote aid. It will relieve the whole state of Mississippi and the western part of Alabama of Indian occupancy, and enable those states to advance rapidly in population, wealth, and power.

^{*President Jackson’s Message to Congress On Indian Removal, December 6, 1830 Source: National Park Service}

Based on the excerpt, which democratic rights and freedoms were being denied to American Indians?

• privacy and free speech

• property and sovereignty

• free speech and assembly

• religious and political freedom

How did migration to the Western Territory help to develop the United States?

• Westward migration helped American Indians preserve their cultural identity.
• Westward migration created densely populated urban and suburban areas.
• Westward migration encouraged civil rights legislation for slaves.
• Westward migration expanded industry and the national economy.

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:

• only one branch of government - the legislative • one vote per state

• no authority to regulate foreign and interstate commerce

• lack of standard currency

• no executive branch to enforce laws

• no national court system to protect individual rights

• no power to raise an army

• unanimous vote required for amendments to the Articles

How did conflicts that developed from weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation affect the political development of the United States?

• They increased the power of the state governments.

• They accelerated the possible development of a monarchy.

• They prevented the government from developing a republic.

• They required the creation of a stronger national government.

Jamestown was founded in 1607 and is known as the first permanent _______________ settlement?

• Spanish
• Dutch
• African
• English

Puritans settled which area?

• New England
  
  
• Texas
  
• Middle States
• Southern States

The French and Indian War was fought over ________________________.

• Land

• Slavery

• Taxes

• state' rights