Statement 1: All living things are composed of cells. Statement 2: If soil contains high levels of salt, the plants will die. Statement 3: The temperature reading on the thermometer is 21°C. Statement 4: It must have rained this morning because the soil is wet. A teacher lists four statements for students to interpret. Which table of information correctly distinguishes between the statements?

1-theory, 2-hypothesis, 3-observation, 4-inference

1-fact, 2-theory, 3-hypothesis, 4-observation

1-inference, 2-observation, 3-theory, 4-fact

1-observation, 2-inference, 3-fact, 4-hypothesis

Which description is the best example of a population?

all of the red foxes in a forest

all of the red foxes in every forest

all of the organisms in a forest

all of the organisms in every forest

In Pennsylvania, a nonnative plant called stiltgrass out-competes native plants in many forest ecosystems. Which statement best describes how the spread of stiltgrass negatively affects native herbivores?

Stiltgrass reduces the size of the native plant populations.

Stiltgrass stops the life cycles of native herbivores.

Stiltgrass increases the flow of energy through the ecosystem.

An aye-aye is a small nocturnal lemur that weighs about four pounds. This endangered species is found in Madagascar, a large island off the east coast of southern Africa. Aye-ayes spend most of their time alone. For the aye-aye species, what is most likely the primary value of individuals living alone?

reduced competition for natural resources

decreased space needs for the species

increased survival rates with habitat loss

greater genetic variability within the species

Which statement best describes how selective breeding produced a population of cows with a large volume of milk production?

Small differences in milk production accumulated over many generations until the desired trait was widespread.

Acquired traits for greater milk production were passed along in a single generation.

Small differences in milk production accumulated over generations because of mutations.

Large differences in milk production accumulated in one generation, and undesired traits disappeared.

A small group of individuals from one population migrate to a new area that quickly becomes geographically isolated. How will the next generation of the new population most likely compare to the original population?

It will have less genetic variation than the original population.

It will be a different species from that of the original population.

It will have the same allele frequencies as the original population.

It will be better able to survive change than the original population.

Which statement supports the idea that all life on Earth is the result of evolution from a common ancestor?

All organisms contain the same genetic code.

All organisms are formed through meiosis.

All organisms are influenced by crossing over.

All organisms share common embryological features.

A population of wading birds lives by a lake and feeds on fish near its shore. In one bird, a mutation occurs in a gene that codes for beak size. In which situation would this mutation most likely spread in the population over time?

The mutation results in a longer beak, so the bird can feed in deeper water.

The mutation results in a narrower beak, so the bird eats smaller fish.

The mutation results in a heavier beak, so the bird uses more energy to fly.

The mutation results in a shorter beak, so the bird must feed in shallower water.

How does the Golgi apparatus affect protein production?

It modifies and sorts proteins so they arrive where they are needed.

It joins amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

It attaches amino acids to the correct tRNA molecules.

It encloses proteins in vesicles to send to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Which statement describes transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

Transfer RNA molecules attach to a DNA strand.

The process occurs in the cytoplasm.

Messenger RNA molecules move out of the nucleus.

The same genetic triplets code for the same amino acids.

A biologist studies oak, birch, and sugar maple trees, as well as vines and mosses. Which phrase best describes these factors?

biotic factors of a temperate deciduous forest

biotic factors of a marine biome

abiotic factors of a tropical rainforest

There are two alleles for claw length in a certain mammal population. Some members of the population have long claws that enable them to climb trees, while most do not. When a new predator that feeds on these animals is introduced into this environment, some long-clawed animals climb up trees to escape. Which statement describes the most likely impact of natural selection on the population over the coming generations?

The alleles for long claws will increase in the population.

The alleles for long claws will decrease in the population.

The alleles for short claws will increase in the population.

The alleles for short claws will disappear from the population.

Which of these is most likely to be an abiotic component of a temperate grassland ecosystem?

annual precipitation of 20cm to 100cm

a layer of frozen soil called permafrost

a population of large grazing mammals

a temperature range from -40 o C to 10 o C

Which statement can be described as a scientific law?

Different pairs of genes separate independently of each other when gametes are formed.

Evolutionary change occurs slowly and steadily over a long period of time.

The optimum temperature for most biochemical reactions in humans is about 37 o C.

The organelles of eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells engulfed by other prokaryotes.

A forest fire destroys all animal and plant life in an area but leaves the soil intact. Which is the most likely sequence of ecological succession in this area?

grasses ---> lichens ---> shrubs

lichens ---> grasses ---> shrubs

A scientist studies the relationship between temperature and the rate of cell division for a rare form of prokaryote that lives near hot undersea vents. Which of these statements is a testable hypothesis?

As temperature increases, the rate of cell division increases.

Prokaryotes reproduce by simple cell division.

A prokaryote is defined by the absence of a nucleus.

The temperatures used in the experiment will range from 0 o C to 40 o C.

Which statement best describes how chromosomes are related to genes?

Chromosomes are structures that contain the genes of an organism.

Chromosomes are sequences of DNA within a gene.

Chromosomes are copies of the genes of an organism.

Chromosomes are all the different forms a gene can take.

For a population of small plants, the amount of sunlight is a limiting factor. The small plants grow in the same area as a population of large trees. If a disease kills off the population of trees, what effect will this most likely have on the population of small plants?

The small plant population will increase and then level off.

The small plant population will increase without limit.

The small plant population will decrease and then die out.

The small plant population will decrease and then increase.

Which statement correctly describes how a cell's DNA is replicated after the strands unwind?

The original strands are complementary, so each new strand built using complementary base pairs will match an original strand.

The double helix consists of two copies of the same strand, so copying one strand twice produces identical DNA.

When the nitrogenous base "rungs" separate from the double helix "ladder", new complementary pairs take their place.

The hydrogen bonds between complementary bases are too strong to be broken, so the sugar and phosphate groups are replaced with identical molecules.

Pea plants have two alleles for seed shape. Round seeds are the dominant trait, while wrinkled seeds are recessive. Which of the following crosses is guaranteed to produce offspring with wrinkled seeds?

homozygous recessive with homozygous recessive

heterozygous with homozygous dominant

homozygous dominant with homozygous dominant

How does an inversion mutation differ from a translocation mutation?

The inverted genes remain on the same chromosome.

The inverted genes attach to a different chromosome.

An inversion increases the total number of chromosomes.

An inversion decreases the total number of chromosomes.

What is the role of a ribosome in protein production?

It is the site where mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons meet.

Its s the site where amino acids join to tRNA molecules.

It is the site where a protein strand is folded into its correct shape.

It is the site where proteins are packaged and sent where they are needed.

Which of the following is the best example of a bioengineering technique called gene splicing?

inserting bacterial DNA into the DNA of a crop plant to give the plant a desired trait.

replacing a gene in a human chromosome to treat a genetic disease.

producing a piece of DNA that is identical to an existing piece of DNA.

changing the gene pool of a population by crossing organisms that have a desired trait.

Which of these mutations in an organism will be passed along to its offspring?

a silent mutation in a gene sequence in a gamete

a deletion in a gene sequence in a somatic cell

an inversion in a gene sequence in a somatic cell

a nonsense mutation in a gene sequence in a body cell

Keystone Biology Review Module 2

Authored by Carlos Cruz

Biology

9th - 10th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 24+ times

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50 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

What must be transmitted to new DNA strands during replication to maintain genetic information?

individual atoms from existing DNA strands

individual sugars from existing DNA strands

the sequence of bases from existing DNA strands

the sequence of phosphates from existing DNA strands

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

The genetic material of two different individuals of the same species is analyzed. One individual has brown eyes. The other has blue eyes. Which characteristic for eye color would be the same for both individuals?

the allele

the DNA sequence

the amount of pigment

the location of the gene

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

3. Which effect is most likely caused by nondisjunction during meiosis?

an increase in nuclei

an extra chromosome

only two types of nitrogenous bases

increased survival benefits from traits

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A genetic mutation involving a single base causes an error that affects the sequence of the next 500 amino acids in a protein. Which type of mutation could have produced this type of error in the protein?

silent

nonsense

frame-shift

substitution

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

New technologies enable oils to be extracted from plants to make renewable biodiesel fuel. Scientists have altered the genome of a specific plant species to increase the amount of oil produced by each plant. Which statement explains why this technology most likely benefits farmers?

It makes each plant more resistant to disease.

It lowers the cost of each acre of plants cultivated.

It increases the value of each acre of land cultivated.

It eliminates the processing needed to extract plant oils.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

A population of squirrels was separated during the formation of the Grand Canyon. Over time the squirrels, separated by the canyon walls and the Colorado River, became unique species. Which mechanism most likely caused the development of the new species?

habitat preference

increased gene flow

geographic isolation

behavioral isolation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

A researcher observes two species of frogs in the same area. Both species have a similar diet. One species breeds in fast-moving streams, while the other species breeds in ponds. Both species are similar in appearance and have very similar DNA. Which information provides the best evidence that these two species descended from a common ancestor?

the species’ similar diets

the species’ shared habitat

the species’ mating behaviors

the species’ physical characteristics

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

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Keystone Biology Review Module 2

What must be transmitted to new DNA strands during replication to maintain genetic information?

The genetic material of two different individuals of the same species is analyzed. One individual has brown eyes. The other has blue eyes. Which characteristic for eye color would be the same for both individuals?

3. Which effect is most likely caused by nondisjunction during meiosis?

A genetic mutation involving a single base causes an error that affects the sequence of the next 500 amino acids in a protein. Which type of mutation could have produced this type of error in the protein?

New technologies enable oils to be extracted from plants to make renewable biodiesel fuel. Scientists have altered the genome of a specific plant species to increase the amount of oil produced by each plant. Which statement explains why this technology most likely benefits farmers?

A population of squirrels was separated during the formation of the Grand Canyon. Over time the squirrels, separated by the canyon walls and the Colorado River, became unique species. Which mechanism most likely caused the development of the new species?

Which description is the best example of a population?

Which energy transfer most likely occurs between organisms in the food web?

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