Keystone Biology Review Module 2

What must be transmitted to new DNA strands during replication to maintain genetic information? 

• individual atoms from existing DNA strands 
• individual sugars from existing DNA strands 
• the sequence of bases from existing DNA strands 
• the sequence of phosphates from existing DNA strands 

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The genetic material of two different individuals of the same species is analyzed. One individual has brown eyes. The other has blue eyes. Which characteristic for eye color would be the same for both individuals? 

• the allele 
• the DNA sequence 
• the amount of pigment 
• the location of the gene 

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

3. Which effect is most likely caused by nondisjunction during meiosis? 

• an increase in nuclei 
• an extra chromosome 
• only two types of nitrogenous bases 
• increased survival benefits from traits 

A genetic mutation involving a single base causes an error that affects the sequence of the next 500 amino acids in a protein. Which type of mutation could have produced this type of error in the protein? 

• silent
  
• nonsense 
• frame-shift 
• substitution 

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

New technologies enable oils to be extracted from plants to make renewable biodiesel fuel. Scientists have altered the genome of a specific plant species to increase the amount of oil produced by each plant. Which statement explains why this technology most likely benefits farmers? 

• It makes each plant more resistant to disease. 
• It lowers the cost of each acre of plants cultivated. 
• It increases the value of each acre of land cultivated. 
• It eliminates the processing needed to extract plant oils. 

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NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

A population of squirrels was separated during the formation of the Grand Canyon. Over time the squirrels, separated by the canyon walls and the Colorado River, became unique species. Which mechanism most likely caused the development of the new species? 

• habitat preference 
• increased gene flow 
• geographic isolation 
• behavioral isolation 

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

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A researcher observes two species of frogs in the same area. Both species have a similar diet. One species breeds in fast-moving streams, while the other species breeds in ponds. Both species are similar in appearance and have very similar DNA. Which information provides the best evidence that these two species descended from a common ancestor? 

• the species’ similar diets 
• the species’ shared habitat 
• the species’ mating behaviors 
• the species’ physical characteristics 

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Statement 1: All living things are composed of cells.
Statement 2: If soil contains high levels of salt, the plants will die.
Statement 3: The temperature reading on the thermometer is 21°C.
Statement 4: It must have rained this morning because the soil is wet. 
A teacher lists four statements for students to interpret. Which table of information correctly distinguishes between the statements? 

• 1-theory,                       2-hypothesis,             3-observation,           4-inference
  
• 1-fact,                  2-theory,           3-hypothesis,   4-observation
• 1-inference,     2-observation,     3-theory,          4-fact
• 1-observation, 2-inference,     3-fact,                  4-hypothesis

Which description is the best example of a population? 

• all of the red foxes in a forest 
• all of the red foxes in every forest 
• all of the organisms in a forest 
• all of the organisms in every forest 

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NGSS.HS-LS2-2

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Which energy transfer most likely occurs between organisms in the food web? 

• from owl to fox 
• from rabbit to fox 
• from sparrow to grass 
• from mouse to grasshopper 

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-4