TOPIC 3

In __________ reinforcement, the reinforcer follows every correct response.

• intermitten 
• continuous 
• negative
• partial 

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, salivation was the

• conditioned response 
• unconditioned stimulus 
• conditioned stimulus 
• unconditioned response 

The presentation of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a positive stimulus are both examples of

• punishment 
• negative reinforcement 
• postive reinforcement 
• secondary reinforcement 

 If you have a snake phobia because you once heard a loud noise while looking at a snake, for you a snake is a(n)

• UCS
• CS
• UCR 
• CR

A series of responses that gradually approach a desired pattern of behavior are called

• adaptation 
• gradients 
• successive approximation 
• conditioning trials 

 If the conditioned stimulus is presented many times without reinforcement, we can expect

• an increase in stimulus generalization.
• 
  the strength of the UR to increase.
• an increase in response generalization.
• extinction to occur

A child has learned to avoid a furry, black cat. However, she still plays with her grandmother's short-haired tabby. Her response demonstrates

• 
  negative transfer.
• extinction
• stimulus discrimination
• successive approximation

The greatest degree of resistance to extinction is typically caused by a __________ schedule of reinforcement.

• variable interval
• variable ratio
• 
  fixed interval
• 
  fixed ratio

After pairing the CS and US in a series of conditioning trials, the organism learns to respond to the CS alone. This response is then called

• unconditioned stimulus.
• 
  conditioned stimulus.
• 
  unconditioned response.
• 
  conditioned response.

Abu helps his father put away the dishes after dinner. Abu's father wants to increase the probability of this behavior and will be most successful by praising Abu

• after all the dishes are put away.
• 
  at bedtime.
• the next morning at breakfast.
• 
  the next time they are putting away dishes.