Evolution & Natural Selection

The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group is called a(n)

• change
• adaption
• species
• variation

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What did Charles Darwin observe in finch populations of the Galapagos Islands?

• different species on different islands

• all species on one of the islands

• identical species on all the islands

• the same species as North America

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Which of the following describes natural selection?

• it acts on genetic material directly

• it acts on existing physical traits

• it forms new traits

• it forms new genetic material

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What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits?

• natural selection

• inheritance

• artificial selection

• descent without modification

A fossil of an extinct dinosaur is found and the anatomy of the fossil shows similarities to that of a bird. What could this mean?

• This is purely by chance and isn't significant
• The extinct dinosaur and modern bird share a common ancestor
• All dinosaurs evolved into birds and that's why there aren't any dinosaurs alive today
• Dinosaurs choose to fly, and evolved into birds to escape predation and capture food

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Darwin found that finches in the Galapagos Islands had different size and shape beaks. What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?

• To look different from other species.

• To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.

• To protect itself against predators.

• To protect itself against prey.

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Which layer is the oldest?

• B

• A

• E

• C

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An earthquake causes an ocean channel to open and separate an island into two separate islands. The species on each section are now in

• geographic isolation

• behavioral isolation

• disruptive isolation

• temporal isolation

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On a small, isolated island, a hurricane destroyed all the trees that produced a large, hard-shelled nut. Which bird population would most likely decrease?

• birds with long, probing beaks
• birds with thick, strong beaks
• birds with thin, short beaks
• birds with large, pouch beaks

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What increases genetic variation when animals move from one population to another?

• genetic drift

• sexual selection

• bottleneck effect

• gene flow