Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the cross sections below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross sections represent two rock outcrops, labeled I and II, located 10 miles apart. Letters A through E and numbers 1 through 8 identify rock units. The rock units have not been overturned.
   In outcrop I, which geologic principle is best represented by the rock units?

• crosscutting relationships 
• correlation 
• original horizontality
•  inclusion

Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the cross sections below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross sections represent two rock outcrops, labeled I and II, located 10 miles apart. Letters A through E and numbers 1 through 8 identify rock units. The rock units have not been overturned.
   The rock record in outcrop II suggests that an unconformity probably exists in outcrop I between rock units

• A and B 
• B and C 
• C and D
• D and E

Base your answers to questions 3 and 4 on the map and table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows the zones of observed effects reported after a 1944 earthquake that occurred near Massena, New York. The isolines on the map are boundaries between zones of observed effects described in the Modifi ed Mercalli Scale table. Four cities are labeled on the map.
   How long did it take for the first P-wave to travel from the epicenter of this earthquake to a seismic station in Trenton, New Jersey?

• 1 minute 10 seconds
• 2 minutes 10 seconds 
• 3 minutes 20 seconds
• 4 minutes 20 seconds

Base your answers to questions 3 and 4 on the map and table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows the zones of observed effects reported after a 1944 earthquake that occurred near Massena, New York. The isolines on the map are boundaries between zones of observed effects described in the Modifi ed Mercalli Scale table. Four cities are labeled on the map.
   Based on the Modified Mercalli Scale, the darker shading on which map shows the area where the Massena earthquake was felt by nearly everyone?

• map 1
• map 2
• map 3
• map 4

Base your answers to questions 5 through 8 on the passage and map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows glacial features found in Mendon Ponds Park.
   The last continental ice sheet retreated northward across New York State during which geologic epoch?

• Pleistocene 
• Pliocene
• Eocene
• Paleocene

Base your answers to questions 5 through 8 on the passage and map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows glacial features found in Mendon Ponds Park.
The cross sections above represent how a present-day glacial landscape feature was formed in Mendon Ponds Park and its appearance at present.
   Which glacial landscape feature is indicated in the present-day cross section?

• esker
• kame 
• finger lake
• kettle lake

Base your answers to questions 5 through 8 on the passage and map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows glacial features found in Mendon Ponds Park.
   Based on the map, in which New York State landscape region is Mendon Ponds Park located?

• Allegheny Plateau 
• Tug Hill Plateau 
• Erie-Ontario Lowlands
• Hudson-Mohawk Lowlands

Base your answers to questions 5 through 8 on the passage and map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows glacial features found in Mendon Ponds Park.
   Which landscape feature is also formed directly by glacial deposition?

• drumlin 
• delta 
• barrier island
• escarpment

Base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on the graph below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The graph shows the average global air temperature changes that have occurred since the late 1800s. Five volcanoes that experienced major eruptions during this time period are indicated.
   In the years immediately after each volcanic eruption occurred, average global air temperatures

• decreased because volcanic gases and dust blocked insolation
• decreased because molten rock released heat
• increased because volcanic gases and dust blocked insolation
• increased because molten rock released heat

Base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on the graph below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The graph shows the average global air temperature changes that have occurred since the late 1800s. Five volcanoes that experienced major eruptions during this time period are indicated.
   Which conclusion can be made from the data shown in the graph?

• Volcanic eruptions occur in a cyclic and predictable pattern.
• Volcanic eruptions have generally increased in strength since the late 1800s
• Global air temperatures are warmer today than they were in the late 1800s.
• Global air temperatures have had fewer changes since 1950.