ES-Jun 2014 Q41-50

Base your answers to questions 1 through 4 on the reading passage about lake-effect snow and the radar image map below, and on your knowledge of Earth science. The radar map shows areas where snowfall was occurring. The whitest area indicates where snowfall was heaviest.
 Lake-Effect Snow
In late fall, cold air originating in Canada and then moving over the Great Lakes often produces lake-effect snow in New York State. When the cold air mass moves across large areas of warmer lake water, water vapor enters the cold air. When this moist air moves over the cooler land, the moisture comes out of the atmosphere as snow. The effect is enhanced when the air that flows off the lake is forced over higher land elevations. The areas affected by lake-effect snow can receive many inches of snow per hour. As the lakes gradually freeze, the ability to produce lake-effect snow decreases.
What is the most likely two-letter air mass symbol for an air mass from Canada that produces lake-effect snow in New York State?

• mT
• mP
• cT
• cP

Base your answers to questions 1 through 4 on the reading passage about lake-effect snow and the radar image map below, and on your knowledge of Earth science. The radar map shows areas where snowfall was occurring. The whitest area indicates where snowfall was heaviest.
 Lake-Effect Snow 
In late fall, cold air originating in Canada and then moving over the Great Lakes often produces lake-effect snow in New York State. When the cold air mass moves across large areas of warmer lake water, water vapor enters the cold air. When this moist air moves over the cooler land, the moisture comes out of the atmosphere as snow. The effect is enhanced when the air that flows off the lake is forced over higher land elevations. The areas affected by lake-effect snow can receive many inches of snow per hour. As the lakes gradually freeze, the ability to produce lake-effect snow decreases.
Which map shows the most likely direction that winds were moving across Lake Ontario to produce this lake-effect snow?

• map 1
• map 2
• map 3
• map 4

Base your answers to questions 1 through 4 on the reading passage about lake-effect snow and the radar image map below, and on your knowledge of Earth science. The radar map shows areas where snowfall was occurring. The whitest area indicates where snowfall was heaviest.
 Lake-Effect Snow 
In late fall, cold air originating in Canada and then moving over the Great Lakes often produces lake-effect snow in New York State. When the cold air mass moves across large areas of warmer lake water, water vapor enters the cold air. When this moist air moves over the cooler land, the moisture comes out of the atmosphere as snow. The effect is enhanced when the air that flows off the lake is forced over higher land elevations. The areas affected by lake-effect snow can receive many inches of snow per hour. As the lakes gradually freeze, the ability to produce lake-effect snow decreases.
Which list indicates the correct sequence in the formation of a lake-effect snow cloud?

• air contracts as it sinks → air warms to the dewpoint → water evaporates
• air expands as it rises → air warms to the dewpoint → water vapor condenses
•  air contracts as it sinks → air cools to the dewpoint → water evaporates
• air expands as it rises → air cools to the dewpoint → water vapor condenses

Base your answers to questions 1 through 4 on the reading passage about lake-effect snow and the radar image map below, and on your knowledge of Earth science. The radar map shows areas where snowfall was occurring. The whitest area indicates where snowfall was heaviest.
 Lake-Effect Snow 
In late fall, cold air originating in Canada and then moving over the Great Lakes often produces lake-effect snow in New York State. When the cold air mass moves across large areas of warmer lake water, water vapor enters the cold air. When this moist air moves over the cooler land, the moisture comes out of the atmosphere as snow. The effect is enhanced when the air that flows off the lake is forced over higher land elevations. The areas affected by lake-effect snow can receive many inches of snow per hour. As the lakes gradually freeze, the ability to produce lake-effect snow decreases.
Which statement best explains why lake-effect snow decreases when lakes freeze gradually?

• The ice prevents liquid water from evaporating into the atmosphere.
• The lower temperature of ice makes liquid water condense at a slower rate.
• More water is available to evaporate.
• Ice speeds up the air moving above it, so less water can evaporate

Base your answers to questions 5 through 7 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents eight numbered positions of the Moon in its orbit around Earth.
Which phase of the Moon will be observed in New York State when the Moon is at position 8?

• phase 1
• phase 2
• phase 3
• phase 4

Base your answers to questions 5 through 7 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents eight numbered positions of the Moon in its orbit around Earth.
Which two motions cause the Moon to show a complete cycle of phases each month when viewed from New York State?

• the Moon’s rotation and Earth’s rotation
• the Moon’s revolution and Earth’s rotation
• the Moon’s rotation and the Sun’s rotation
• the Moon’s revolution and the Sun’s rotation 

Base your answers to questions 5 through 7 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents eight numbered positions of the Moon in its orbit around Earth.
A solar eclipse might be observed from Earth when the Moon is at which position?

• 1
• 5
• 3
• 5

Base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on the photograph and cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The sequence of rock types found in the walls of the Grand Canyon are shown. The names of rock formations are shown and the upper and lower boundaries of each formation are indicated by dashed lines. The rock layers have not been overturned.
The granite formation was primarily formed by

• metamorphism of layered sandstone
• solidification of felsic magma
• compaction of precipitated gypsum
• cementation of clastic sediments

Base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on the photograph and cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The sequence of rock types found in the walls of the Grand Canyon are shown. The names of rock formations are shown and the upper and lower boundaries of each formation are indicated by dashed lines. The rock layers have not been overturned.
The sequence of rock layers in the cross section provides evidence that the Muave formation is

• younger than the Temple Butte, but older than the Bright Angel
• younger than both the Temple Butte and the Bright Ange
• older than the Temple Butte, but younger than the Bright Angel
•  older than both the Temple Butte and the Bright Angel

Base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on the photograph and cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The sequence of rock types found in the walls of the Grand Canyon are shown. The names of rock formations are shown and the upper and lower boundaries of each formation are indicated by dashed lines. The rock layers have not been overturned.
If the Vishnu schist had been exposed to greater heat and pressure during metamorphism, it could have formed

• gneiss
• marble
• quartzite
• phyllite