ES-Jan 2014 Q41-50

The graph shows the temperature, pressure, and depth environments for the formation of the three major rock types. Pressure is shown in kilobars (kb). Letters A through D identify different environmental conditions for rock formation.
Which letter represents the environmental conditions necessary to form gneiss?

• A
• B
• C
• D

The graph shows the temperature, pressure, and depth environments for the formation of the three major rock types. Pressure is shown in kilobars (kb). Letters A through D identify different environmental conditions for rock formation.
At what pressure and temperature is sand most likely to be compacted into sandstone?

•  2 kb and 150°C
• 6 kb and 200°C
• 10 kb and 400°C
• 12 kb and 900°C

Base your answers to questions 3 through 5 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the inferred changes to the luminosity and color of the Sun throughout its life cycle. The diagonal dashed line represents the main sequence stars. The numbers 1 through 5 represent stages in the life cycle of the Sun.
The Sun is inferred to spend the greatest amount of time in its life cycle

• contracting from a gas cloud (nebula)
• as a main sequence star
• moving away from the main sequence and becoming a giant star
• changing from a giant star to a white dwarf star

Base your answers to questions 3 through 5 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the inferred changes to the luminosity and color of the Sun throughout its life cycle. The diagonal dashed line represents the main sequence stars. The numbers 1 through 5 represent stages in the life cycle of the Sun.
The Sun is inferred to be the most luminous when it is classified as a

• white dwarf star
• gas cloud (nebula)
• main sequence star
• giant star

Base your answers to questions 3 through 5 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the inferred changes to the luminosity and color of the Sun throughout its life cycle. The diagonal dashed line represents the main sequence stars. The numbers 1 through 5 represent stages in the life cycle of the Sun.
For other stars in our galaxy that go through a similar life cycle to our Sun, which star is currently in the late stage of its life cycle?

• Alpha Centauri
• Procyon B
• Barnard’s Star
• Polaris

Base your answers to questions 6 through 8 on the graph below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The graph shows the tidal range (the difference between the highest tide and the lowest tide) recorded in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia, during November 2007. The phase of the Moon on selected days is shown above the graph. The dates that the Moon was farthest from Earth (apogee) and closest to Earth (perigee) are indicated under the graph.
The tidal range on November 8 was approximately

• 11 m
• 2 m
• 13 m
• 15 m

Base your answers to questions 6 through 8 on the graph below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The graph shows the tidal range (the difference between the highest tide and the lowest tide) recorded in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia, during November 2007. The phase of the Moon on selected days is shown above the graph. The dates that the Moon was farthest from Earth (apogee) and closest to Earth (perigee) are indicated under the graph.
The highest high tides and the lowest low tides occurred when the Moon was near

• apogee and a new-Moon phase
• apogee and a full-Moon phase
• perigee and a new-Moon phase
•  perigee and a full-Moon phase

Base your answers to questions 6 through 8 on the graph below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The graph shows the tidal range (the difference between the highest tide and the lowest tide) recorded in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia, during November 2007. The phase of the Moon on selected days is shown above the graph. The dates that the Moon was farthest from Earth (apogee) and closest to Earth (perigee) are indicated under the graph.
The next first-quarter Moon after November 17 occurred closest to

•  December 9
• December 14
• December 17
• December 24

Base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on the map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows part of the North American coastline. The present coastline is shown as a solid line. The symbols on the key below indicate the inferred coastline 18,000 years ago and an inferred future coastline if global warming continues.
Which statement best explains why 18,000 years ago the coastline was at a different location than it is today?

• The climate of Earth was extremely hot and dry.
• A large amount of Earth’s water was stored in large continental ice sheets. 
• The east coast of North America was being subducted under the Eurasian Plate.
• North America had just separated from Africa, and the Atlantic Ocean was forming

Base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on the map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows part of the North American coastline. The present coastline is shown as a solid line. The symbols on the key below indicate the inferred coastline 18,000 years ago and an inferred future coastline if global warming continues

• total amount of global precipitation will decrease
• thickness of the ozone layer will decrease
• concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere will increase
•  rate of uplift of the North American continent will increase