ES-Aug 2013 Q21-30

The large waterfall at Niagara Falls, New York, was originally located at the Niagara Escarpment. Which term best describes an escarpment?

• U-shaped valley
• V-shaped valley
• cliff
• drumlin

Trees growing on the edge of a river’s meander are most likely to fall into the river due to

• deposition on the inside of the meander
• deposition on the outside of the meander
• erosion on the inside of the meander
• erosion on the outside of the meander

What is the approximate minimum stream velocity needed to keep a 6.4-cm-diameter particle in motion?

• 10 cm/s
• 50 cm/s
• 100 cm/s
• 200 cm/s

The photograph below shows a sandstone butte in an arid region.
Which agents of erosion are currently changing the appearance of this butte?

• glaciers and mass movement
• wave action and running water
• wind and mass movement
• running water and glaciers

Sediment is deposited in a river delta because the

• velocity of the river decreases
• force of gravity decreases
• volume of the river increases
• gradient of the river increases

Which processes lead directly to the formation of igneous rock?

• weathering and erosion
• compaction and cementation
• heat and pressure
• melting and solidification 

A graph of tidal sea-level changes at a coastal city is shown below.
The number of hours from one high tide to the next high tide is approximately

• 4 h
• 8 h
• 12 h
• 24 h

The diagram below represents planets A and B, of equal mass, revolving around a star.
Compared to planet A, planet B has a

• weaker gravitational attraction to the star and a shorter period of revolution
• weaker gravitational attraction to the star and a longer period of revolution
• stronger gravitational attraction to the star and a shorter period of revolution
•  stronger gravitational attraction to the star and a longer period of revolution

The arrow on the map below represents the direction a wind is blowing over a land surface in the Northern Hemisphere without showing the Coriolis effect.
Which dashed arrow represents how the wind direction will change in the Northern Hemisphere due to the Coriolis effect?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

The map below shows a portion of the Middle East. Points A, B, C, D, and X are locations on Earth’s surface.
When it is 10:00 a.m. solar time at location X, at which location is 11:00 a.m. solar time being observed?

• A
• B
• C
• D