2nd Industrial Revolution Review

What was the effect of the Bessemer Process on American industry and manufacturing?

• increased steel production, made steel cheaper
• led to the development of the light bulb
• advanced refrigeration techniques, allowing people to preserve food longer
• allowed Americans to harness nuclear power

How did an expansion in railroads contribute to the growth of America?

• new cities sprung up along the roads, and people moved West
• it made cities more crowded because railroads were constructed over people's farms
• the agriculture industry became more powerful
• it made the environment cleaner thus the country was more attractive to immigrants

Most lighting in the 1800s was through kerosene-based lamps. What is kerosene made out of?

• filament
• refined form of petroleum
• whale oil or grease
• wax

What was the problem with Thomas Edison’s electricity company?

• They weren't sure what kind of material to cover the burning filament of electricity with.
• power plants could only provide electricity to a few houses directly near the plants- the power could not travel long distances
• it was a monopoly that was broken up by the government
• the electricity depended on coal which polluted the environment

What were 2 advances in communication during this period?

• the television and the telephone
• the intercom and Morse Code
• the telegraph and the telephone
• the telegraph and the Pony Express

What contribution did Wilbur and Orville Wright make to transportation?

• invented the Model T, the first affordable car
• created a type of steel that could be used on railroad tracks
• invented a lightweight airplane, pioneering air travel
• invented a type of engine that made ships go faster.

What inventor first implemented the Assembly Line on a large scale?

• Henry Ford
• Orville Wright
• George Westinghouse
• Andrew Carnegie

In the late 1800s, many entrepreneurs formed their businesses as ___________________, or businesses that sell portions of ownership called stock shares. 

• trusts
• corporations
• vertical integrations
• social darwinism

Andrew Carnegie's steel business succeeded in part to a practice called _____________________, in which a business owner becomes involved in ALL steps of the manufacturing process. He not only owned steel mills, he bought the iron ore mines, coalfields and railroads needed to supply the steel.

• horizontal integration
• vertical integration
• trust

Rockefeller, the owner of Standard Oil, succeeded due to ____________________, in which he took over all businesses in his field, eventually owning 90 percent of the oil refineries in the U.S. Disney does this in present time w/ entertainment.

• vertical integration
• horizontal integration
• trust