AP EURO - Renaissance

What do Petrarch and Pico della Mirandola share in common?

• Italian humanists promoting a revival of classical themes
• Christian humanists who tried to reform the church
• Artists who employed naturalism and geometric perspective
• Wealthy elite who patroned and commissioned great works of art

Niccolo Machiavelli is representative of individuals who

• received financial support from the Church for their scholarship.
• attempted to reform the Church through the Italian Renaissance.
• promoted secular models for individual and political behavior.
• articulated new theories of inductive and deductive reasoning.

Michelangelo portrayed David to symbolize...

• the republic of Florence standing up to its larger and more powerful enemies.
• the sovereignty of the Catholic Church over the power of monarchies. 
• a pagan classical hero to inspire a revolution that would unite the Italian peninsula.
• the triumph of the urban nobility over the landed aristocracy. 

Leonardo’s “Last Supper” provided a general inspiration for Raphael’s “School of Athens.” This can be particularly seen in their use of…

• Strong asymmetry, which adds imbalance to the composition
• Hidden Portraits
• Contemporary faces placed on the people from the past
• Linear Perspective that unifies the architectural background and the figures in the foreground

What is one way that Medieval and Renaissance artists differ?

• Renaissance art focused more on religious themes
• Medieval art was more realistic
• Renaissance artist turned to Roman and Greek works for inspiration
• Medieval art focused peasants and everyday life

How did Renaissance art reveal changing patterns of consumption?

• Expenditures on military hardware by Italian nobles declined
• Wealthy individuals spent more on religious relics and sacred ornaments
• Monetized economy declined as Italian nobles paid taxes through barter & exchange
• Personal debt decreased among the commercial elite and monarchs

Baldassare Castiglione's "The Book of the Courtier" was important because it

• provided a new definition of the "civilized" and "refined" man
• called for a new social system based on communal charity
• celebrated the great emperors of classical Rome
• advocated Neo-Platonism, emphasizing ideal forms

The painting, "The Harvesters" by Pieter Bruegel the Elder is indicative of artists who

• employed naturalism, emphasizing the reality of life
• employed distortion, drama, and illusion to depict nature
• sought to portray elites who commissioned their works
• promoted biblical themes and landscapes to strengthen religious belief

Which of the following was a major factor in the spread of humanist culture in late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries?

• The creation of new religious orders by the papacy
• A major increase in government funding for elementary education
• The development of the printing press
• The sale of basic textbooks written in the vernacular

Which of the following captures social patterns from the 16th century forward?

• delaying of marriage and childbearing

• codification and reestablishment of serfdom in Western Europe

• greater social cohesion with the expansion of cities

• migrants to cities diminished social hierarchies