EDHS BIO EOC 1

1  Which of these statements best explains the process of energy conversion that takes place in the mitochondria?

• Energy is required for carbon dioxide molecules to form six-carbon sugar molecules.  
• Water molecules and radiant energy are necessary for anaerobic respiration to take place.  
• Oxygen molecules release energy in the form of heat during combustion reactions.  
• The energy in the bonds of glucose molecules is transferred to the phosphate bonds in ATP. 

1  Enzymes are proteins that help increase the rate of chemical reactions inside cells. These proteins are composed of many simpler molecules called amino acids. Which of the following suggests that the shape of an enzyme determines the enzyme’s function?

• Enzymes are specific to a substrate.
•  Enzymes can operate in a wide range of conditions.
• Enzymes are activated by neighboring molecules.  
• Enzymes can be found in all life-forms.

Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers. These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis. Which statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of proteins and polysaccharides?

• Only polysaccharides are comprised of repeating units of cytosine, adenine, guanine, and thymine
• Only proteins are formed from amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
• Only polysaccharides can be folded and twisted to very specific shapes.  
• Only proteins can be large molecules with thousands of subunits

 Which cellular process takes place in the ribosomes that are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum?

• The breakdown of waste material
• The conversion of radiant energy to glucose
• The synthesis of new proteins
• The replication of nucleic acids

15  A student is studying the ecology of a playa lake, which forms after a rainfall in a dry lake bed.
    Which level of biological organization has the student described in the table?

• Biosphere
• Organelle
• Ecosystem
• Community

Which of these best represents a fatty-acid molecule?

• F
• J
• G
• H

Carbohydrates are more easily metabolized than lipids. However, on a gram-for-gram basis lipids provide cells with more —

• nitrogen
• proteins
• structure
• energy

1  Some students are instructed to put a celery stalk in a red dye solution for a lab activity. First the students carefully cut the bottom of the stalk with a scalpel. Then they put the stalk in the beaker with the solution and place the beaker on a shelf in the lab room. The next day they check the stalk and make observations. The students note that the leaves at the end of the stalk have changed color from green to red. The students cut across the celery stalk and use a hand lens  to see that the small tube openings along the edge of the celery stalk are also red. The cross section is shown below.
How do the plant systems work together to make this movement of liquid possible?

• F  The roots absorb water and minerals and move them up to the stem, while the stem moves food produced in the leaves down to the roots in tiny tubes.
• The roots anchor the plant in the soil, and the stem holds the leaves up.
• The roots absorb their own water and minerals, while the stem absorbs its water and minerals through the leaves
• The roots lose water vapor to the soil, and the stem loses water vapor through the leaves.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-2

1  Using a light microscope, a student identified the following characteristics of four organisms found in a sample of pond water.   Based on the observations of the student, which organisms most likely belong to the taxonomic group for bacteria?  

• Organisms 1 and 2
•  Organisms 3 and 4
• Organisms 1 and 4
•   Organisms 2 and 3

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Four different types of cells are shown below
Which characteristic is shared by all four cells?

• A transforming sunlight into energy mechanism for  
• Self-locomotion
•  Membrane-bound organelles that transport substances
• Genetic material composed of DNA