Macromolecules Advanced

A fat contains fatty acids and

• an amino acid.
• a phosphate.
• glycerol.
• a base.

You have isolated an unidentified liquid from a sample of beans. You add the liquid to a beaker of water and shake vigorously. After a few minutes, the water and the other liquid separate into two layers. To which class of biological molecules does the unknown liquid most likely belong?

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Enzymes
• Lipids

Cholesterol is soluble in ether, an organic solvent, but it is not soluble in water. Based on this information, to which class of biological molecules does cholesterol belong?

• Nucleic acids
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates

A molecule with the formula C₁₆H₃₀O₁₅ is a

• carbohydrate.
• nucleic acid.
• protein.
• lipid.

The monomers that make up polymeric carbohydrates like starch are called

• nucleotides.
• trisaccharides.
• monosaccharides.
• fatty acids.

Which statement about the hydrolysis of the disaccharide maltose to two glucoseunits is true?

• The reaction is energy neutral.
• The potential energy contained within glucose is larger than that of maltose.
• The hydrolysis reaction involves the breaking of two covalent bonds.
• The hydrolysis reaction involves the breaking of a single covalent bond.

Starch and glycogen, which are both polysaccharides, differ in their functions in that starch is _______, whereas glycogen _______.

• the main energy storage of animals; is a temporary compound used to store glucose
• the principal energy storage compound of plants; is the main energy storage of animals
• a structural material found in plants and animals; forms external skeletons in animals
• the main component for plant structural support; is an energy source for animals

The main function of cellulose, the most abundant organic compound on Earth, is

• as a component of biological membranes.
• as a storage compound for energy in animal cells.
• as a storage compound for energy in plant cells.
• as an excellent structural material that can withstand harsh environmental conditionswithout substantial change.

The arrangement of glycosidic linkages in _______ makes it a much more stable molecule than _______.

• RNA; DNA
• testosterone; cortisone
• cellulose; starch
• guanine; cytosine

You look at the label on a container of shortening and see the words “hydrogenated vegetable oil.” This means that during processing, the number of carbon–carbon double bonds in the oil was decreased. What is the result of decreasing the number of double bonds?

• The oil now has a lower melting point.
• There are more “bends” in the fatty acid chains.
• The fatty acid is now a triglyceride.
• The oil is now solid at room temperature.