AP CS Principles Unit 1

Which of the following are true statements about digital certificates in Web browsers?
I. Digital certificates are used to verify the ownership of encrypted keys used in secured communication.
II. Digital certificates are used to verify that the connection to a Web site is fault tolerant.

• I only
• II only
• I and II
• Neither I and II

A video-streaming Web site uses 32-bit integers to count the number of times each video has been played. In anticipation of some videos being played more times than can be represented with 32 bits, the Web site is planning to change the 64-bit integers for the counter. Which of the following best describes the result of using 64-bit integers instead of 32-bit integers?

• 2 times as many values can be represented.
• 32 times as many values can be represented.
• 2³² times as many values can be represented.
• 32²  times as many values can be represented.

Which of the following best explains what happens when a new device is connected to the Internet?

• A device driver is assigned to the device.
• An Internet Protocol (IP) address is assigned to the device.
• A packet number is assigned to the device.
• A Web site is assigned to the device.

Which of the following statements are true about using a high-level programming language instead of a lower-level language?
 I.  Programs written in a high-level language are generally easier for people to read than programs written in a low-level language.

II.   A high-level language provides programmers with more abstractions than a low-level language.
III. Programs written in a high-level language are generally easier to debug than programs written in a low-level language.

• (A)  I only
• (A)  I and III only
• (A)  II and III only
• (A)  I, II, and III

A user enters a Web address in a browser, and a request for a file is sent to a Web server. Which of the following best describes how the file is sent to the user?

• The file is broken into packets for transmission. The packets must be reassembled upon receipt.
• The file is broken into packets for transmission. The user’s browser must request each packet in order until all packets are received.
• The server attempts to connect directly to the user’s computer. If the connection is successful, the entire file is sent. If the connection is unsuccessful, an error message is sent to the user.
• The server repeatedly attempts to connect directly to the user’s computer until a connection is made. Once the connection is made, the entire file is sent.

An Internet service provider (ISP) is considering an update to its servers that would save copies of the Web pages most frequently visited by each user. Which of the following is LEAST likely to occur as a result of the update?

• Average response time for user requests might decrease.
• Privacy of users might be negatively affected.
• Storage requirements for the servers might increase.
• Web sites that are not visited frequently might no longer be accessible to users.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fault-tolerant nature of routing on the Internet?

• The ability to use a hierarchical naming system to avoid naming conflicts
• The ability to provide data transmission even when some connections have failed
• The ability to resolve errors in domain name system (DNS) lookups
• The ability to use multiple protocols such as hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), Internet protocol (IP), and simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) to transfer data

Two computers are built by different manufacturers. One is running a Web server and the other is running a Web browser. Which of the following best describes the ability of the two computers to communicate with each other across the Internet?

• The computers cannot communicate because different manufacturers use different communication protocols.
• The computers can communicate, but additional hardware is needed to convert data packets from one computer’s protocol to the other computer’s protocol.
• The computers can communicate directly only if the messages consist of text; other formats cannot be interpreted across computers.
• The computers can communicate directly because Internet communication uses standard protocols.

Consider the following numbers. Binary 1100, Decimal 11, Hexadecimal D. Which of the following lists the numbers in order from least to greatest?

• Binary 1100, Decimal 11, Hexadecimal D
• Decimal 11, Binary 1100, Hexadecimal D
• Decimal 11, Hexadecimal D, Binary 1100
• Hexadecimal D, Decimal 11, Binary 1100

A city government is attempting to reduce the digital divide between groups with differing access to computing and the Internet. Which of the following activities is LEAST likely to be effective in this purpose?

• Holding basic computer classes at community centers
• Providing free wireless Internet connections at locations in low-income neighborhoods
• Putting all government forms on the city Web site
• Requiring that every city school has computers that meet a minimum hardware and software standard.