Elements of Argument

What is a "claim"?

• data, observations, or other information
• a statement or position worthy of proof
• shows that the writer/speaker has carefully considered all sides of the question

Tags

CCSS.RI. 9-10.8

CCSS.RI.11-12.8

CCSS.RI.6.8

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.8

What is "evidence"?

• a claim that disagrees with or negates the claim
• explanation of why or how the data supports the claim, the underlying assumption that connects your data to your claim
• data, observations, or other information that will support a claim

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.1

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RL.8.1

CCSS.RL.9-10.1

What is the "warrant"?

• explanation of why or how the data supports the claim, the underlying assumption that connects your data to your claim
• facts, statistics, expert opinion, and anecdotes

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.1

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RL.7.1

CCSS.RL.9-10.1

What is a "counterclaim"?

• a statement or position worthy of proof
• a claim that disagrees with or negates the claim
• data, observations, or other information that will support a claim

What is a "rebuttal"?

• when a speaker or writer uses argument and presents reasoning or evidence intended to undermine or weaken the claim of an opponent
• explanation of why or how the data supports the claim, the underlying assumption that connects your data to your claim
• a claim that disagrees with or negates the claim

Disproves the opposing viewpoint and explains why the writer's position is better. 

• claim
• counterclaim
• reasons
• evidence

Tags

CCSS.RI.6.8

CCSS.W.6.1A

CCSS.W.6.1B

CCSS.W.6.1C

Support reasons and include examples, anecdotes, statistics, and facts. 

• claim
• counterclaim
• reasons
• evidence

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.1

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RL.8.1

CCSS.RL.9-10.1

Statements that can be proved and statements expressed in numbers. 

• facts and statistics
• examples
• expert opinions
• anecdotes

Tags

CCSS.RI. 9-10.8

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

A quote from a scholar or someone who has in-depth knowledge of a subject. 

• facts and statistics
• examples
• expert opinions
• anecdotes

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

A brief story that illustrates a point. 

• facts and statistics
• examples
• expert opinions
• anecdotes

Tags

CCSS.RI. 9-10.8

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RI.9-10.5