APES chapter 5

How many species are estimated to exist on Earth?

• 2 million
• 8 million
• 10 million
• 100 million

Two savanna communities both contain 15 plant species. In community A, each of the 15 species is represented by 20 individuals. In community B, 10 of the species are each represented by 12 individuals; the remaining 5 species are each represented by 3 individuals. Which statement best describes the two communities?

• Community A has the same biodiversity as community B
• Both communities have the same species evenness
• Community B has a higher species richness
• Community A has higher species evenness

Phylogeny is

• the number of evolutionarily related species in an ecosystem
• the study of morphological traits
• the branching patterns of evolutionary relationships
• the process of evolution that creates new species

Which of the following is used to calculate Shannon's index of diversity?
  I. the proportion of individuals in each species
 II. the total number of species
III. the number of individuals in each species

• I only
• I and II only
• II only
• II and III only

Which evolutionary effect results in reduced genetic variation in a community

• natural selection
• the founder effect
• artificial selection 
• gene flow

a phenotype is

• an adaptation that creates a new species
• the genes of a particular individual
• a result of genetic recombination
• the set of traits expressed in an individual

Which of the following processes create genetic diversity in a population
  I. mutation
 II. Allele division
III. recombination

• I only
• I and II only
• I and III only
• II and III only

Evolved resistance to a pesticide is an example of

• a nonadaptive process
• a bottleneck effect
• natural selection
• artificial selection

Which is the best definition of an adaptation?

• a mutation that creates a new species
• a trait that improves an individual's fitness
• a trait that is passed on to the next generation
• a trait that has no effect on an individual's fitness

The change in the genetic composition of a population over time due to random mating is called

• the bottleneck effect
• gene flow
• genetic drift
• mutation