H1 Test 2 Review

Which primary source would most likely provide an African perspective rather than a European perspective on history?

• a Nigerian [African] eyewitness account of events in the 18th century
• a diary kept by Vasco da Gama [European] on one of his voyages
• a West African history textbook written by a British author
• a painting of the city of Nairobi [African] done by an early colonial settler

Which statement about 20th-century Latin America is an opinion rather than a fact?

• A revolution led by Fidel Castro established a communist government in Cuba.
• The United States aided Nicaragua's Contras in their war with the Sandinistas.
• The rule of military dictatorships improved the stability of nations in Latin America.
• Thousands of Argentine political dissidents disappeared in the 1970s.

Historians need to determine the authenticity of a source in order to

• reinforce popular opinion
• establish its usefulness
• demonstrate the significance of religious beliefs
• determine the characteristics of propaganda

Base your answer to the question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies....The dispute about whether it [Armenian Massacre] was genocide centres on the question of premeditation–the degree to which the killings were orchestrated.Many historians, governments and the Armenian people believe that they were; but a number of scholars question this.Turkish officials accept that atrocities were committed but argue that there was no systematic attempt to destroy the Christian Armenian people. Turkey says many innocent Muslim Turks also died in the turmoil of war....
This BBC News article suggests that scholars often have

• serious obstacles in bringing those responsible for atrocities to trial
• difficulty knowing the order in which events have occurred
• differing historical perspectives of the same events
• trouble determining the role religion plays in events

Historians rely on primary sources because these sources

• are more detailed than secondary sources
• provide eyewitness accounts of events
• have the approval of religious authorities
• establish rules for writing history

Historians follow rules to help them analyze primary sources. Some of the rules they use are:
• Every piece of evidence and every source must be read or viewed skeptically and critically.
• Each piece of evidence and source must be cross-checked and compared with related sources and pieces of evidence.
-Library of Congress
These rules are designed to help historians determine the

• reliability of document information
• popularity of a publication
• differences in belief systems
• laws of a civilization

People do not often create records for the benefit of historians. They produce them for other reasons ....- Chris Hinton, 1998
Based on this statement, historical sources often contain

• evidence that can be biased
• facts that are completely balanced and reliable
• accounts that represent all points of view
• summaries that detail research about the distant past

Opinion and bias in written historical sources illustrate the need to be aware of

• plagiarism
• human rights
• turning points
• points of view

Which item would be considered a secondary source on World War I?

• magazine article on the 75th anniversary of the poem, “In Flanders Fields"
• rifle instruction manual used by a Russian soldier on the Eastern Front
• diary of a soldier who fought in the Battle of the Somme

What is a valid conclusion based on the information shown in this chart?

• The primary cause of soil degradation throughout the world is bio-industrial.
• Deforestation causes soil degradation to more hectares of land in South America than in Asia.
• The largest number of hectares affected by soil degradation due to overgrazing is located in Africa.
• The fewest number of hectares affected by soil degradation due to arable fanning is located in North America.