APUSH--Period 1/2/3

Christopher Columbus:

• discovered a truly new world.
• had little real influence on history.
• was the first European to visit North America.
• established contact between two old worlds.

When Europeans arrived in North America at the beginning of the sixteen century:

• the native population was racially homogenous
• Indians had developed a variety of disparate cultures and languages.
• the native population was limited to the warmer regions of Mesoamerica.
• there were only a few thousand Indians and they spoke five basic languages.

The military tradition that influenced Spanish attitudes toward expansion was based on the 

• apacheria
• hacienda
• reconquista
• encomienda

With the significant international exchange that occurred after 1492, the three important crops transplanted to the New World were:

• chocolate, corn, and tobacco
• apples, potatoes, and wheat
• coffee, rice, and sugar
• cotton, vanilla, and pumpkin

An important element in encouraging the English interest in the New World was:

• economic dislocations throughout England.
• trade agreements with the Indians.
• England's desire to spread Catholicism.
• England's military alliance with the French.

In the years from 1492-1590:

• each of the major European powers developed similar policies for creating American settlements.
• The English were able to establish the most powerful commercial empire in the Western Hemisphere.
• French efforts in America failed while England and Spain enjoyed tremendous success in their colonies.
• the Spanish, French and English employed different approaches to establishing colonies in America.

French and Spanish American colonies differed from those of England:

• because the English refused slavery on religious principles, while France and Spain were thriving on such practices.
• since France and Spain placed greater emphasis on developing agricultural colonies and England created mercantile settlements.
• because French and Spanish settlements experienced much more cultural mixing between Europeans and natives.
• because natives proved difficlut to convert to Catholicism and therefore the Spanish and Grench enacted brutal policies.

During the early seventeenth century, most migrants to the Chesapeake colonies:

• were slaves taken out of Africa.
• came as indentured servants.
• arrived as members of large families.
• were wealthy landowners and planters.

In dealing with the Indians, the primary concern of New England colonists was:

• attaining native agricultural methods for colonial survival.
• developing a profitable trade in fur and pelts.
• converting the natives to the Church of England.
• acquiring land for the expanding settlements.

One result of the Glorious Revolution was:

• the creation of the Dominion of New England.
• the English Bill of Rights that protected civil liberties.
• the end of all royal colonies in North America.
• the abolishment of the New York assembly.