Chapter 12 Review

What two characteristics does the periodic table organize the elements by?

• increasing atomic number and chemical properties
• mass number and decreasing atomic number
• number of neutrons and isotopes
• There is no organization.

Atoms of the same element containing different numbers of neutrons are called __________.

• alloys
• ions
• isotopes
• conductors

This tells us the number of protons in an atom and is unique to every element.

• isotope
• mass number
• element name
• atomic number

What is the mass number?

• The sum of electrons and neutrons
• The difference between protons and neutrons
• The sum of protons and electrons
• The sum of protons and neutrons

Which particle is the least massive?

• electron
• proton
• neutron

How many neutrons does a sodium atom with a mass number of 23 and an atomic number of 11 have?

• 10
• 11
• 12
• 13

What is the most abundant element on Earth?

• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Hydrogen
• Aluminum

How many electrons does a neutrally charged atom of phosphorous have?

• 31
• 30
• 15
• 16

Nonmetals are:

• shiny
• malleable
• brittle
• good conductors

The characteristic colors of light given off or absorbed by an element is called:

• spectrum
• spectroscope
• alloy
• electrons