Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

What role do protein kinases serve?

• remove phosphate groups to deactivate enzymes
• inactivate cAMP to AMP
• add phosphate groups to activate enzyme's
• activate G proteins

A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a

• ligand
• second messenger
• protein kinase
• receptor protein

What does this picture show?

• 2 chromosomes
• 1 chromosome that has been replicated
• 1 unreplicated chromosome
• A homologous pair of chromosomes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline or adrenalin) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The model for the action of Epinephrine is shown below.
Which of the following molecules act as a second messenger in the cascade by which epinephrine stimulates the activation of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase?

• Adenosine
• Adenylyl cyclase
• Citric acid
• Cyclic AMP

What do second messengers do?

• transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
• relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
• relay message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm
• dampen the message

Signal amplification is most often achieved by

• an enzyme cascade
• binding of multiple signals
• branching pathways
• action of adenylyl cyclase

What is a phosphorylation cascade?

• traveling of hormones through the air
• traveling of hormones through the blood
• the removal of a phosphate
• a series of molecules that get phosphorylated

Neurotransmitters are used in _____ signaling.

• synaptic
• paracrine
• juxtacrine
• endocrine

The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are

• reception, transduction, response
• response, transduction, reception
• reception, response, transduction
• transduction, reception, response

What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?

• gated ion channel
• G-protein receptor
• tyrosine kinase receptor