Quiz #3: Weeks 7-9

1. Which statement about language acquisition across different cultures is most true?

• In cultures that discourage children from conversing with adults, language acquisition is slower.
•  The sequence of language skills differs for signed and spoken languages.
•  Across many languages, infants demonstrate babbling in the same way.
• In most western cultures, children acquire language at slightly slower rates than most eastern cultures.

2. The most accurate interpretation of the roles of imitation and reinforcement in language learning is that they:

• explain why young children are motivated to speak ungrammatically, as doing so usually conveys their message well
• only partly explain language learning
• are the most important factors in explaining development of grammatically appropriate language
• are the most important factors in language learning during infancy

5. The best predictor of a child’s vocabulary, language skills, and reading comprehension at age 9 is the extent to which:

• a child’s culture is verbally oriented
• there is verbal interaction between caregivers and the child
• adults correct and reinforce the child’s grammar
• the child is bilingual

7. Which best describes semantics?

• The combination of words into meaningful sentences
• Broad knowledge about language and how it works
• Use of language in context for various purposes
• How words convey meaning

12. Our knowledge about language and how it works is most accurately labeled _____ awareness

• metalinguistic
• pragmatic
• phonological
• articulation

16. Which of the following statements is true of bilingual children?

• If bilingual from birth, they tend to have an overall slower pattern of development than monolingual children.
• They tend to be better in demonstrating pragmatics than monolingual children.
• They have as large a vocabulary as monolingual children when vocabularies from both languages are combined.
• They will use words or phrases from one language as a substitute in the other language, due to trouble differentiating between the two languages at times.

18. Students are most likely to struggle academically in _____ classrooms

• structured English immersion
•  two-way bilingual education
• transitional bilingual education
• English immersion

2. Phonological awareness is important for reading acquisition

• True
• False

3. A bilingual child who uses words and phrases from one language as a substitute in the other language has confusion between the two languages.

• True
• False

4. Bobby sees Jennifer copy an answer from another student on a test. Bobby reasons, “Well, it’s OK for her to do that because she got away with it—the teacher wasn’t looking.” The moral reasoning stage reflected by Bobby is

• nonconventional
• conventional
• preconventional
• postconventional