American Pageant Ch 9

Among the important social changes brought about by the American Revolution was

• a strong movement toward equality of property
• an army where the soldiers elected their own officers
• full equality and voting rights for women
• the increasing separation of church and state

A major new political innovation that emerged in the Revolutionary era was the

• election of legislative representatives capable of voting on taxation
• shifting of power from the legislative to the executive branch of government
• idea of a written constitution drafted by a convention and ratified by direct vote of the people
• direct election of judges by the people

Despite the Revolution's emphasis on human rights and equality, the Founding Father failed to abolish slavery because

• they saw it as necessary to maintain American power
• they eared black rebellion if slavery were removed
• of their fear that a fight over slavery would destroy fragile national unity
• almost none of them believed that slavery was wrong

The ideal of republican motherhood that emerged from the American Revolution held that 

• women should be rewarded politically for having helped establish the American republic
• women had a special responsibility to cultivate the civic virtues of republicanism in their children
• the government should establish social services to help mothers raise their children
• mothers should be granted full political and economic rights in the American republic

The fundamental difference between ordinary laws and a constitution that emerged from the American Revolution was that ordinary laws

• described specific illegal acts, while a constitution granted positive powers
• addressed economic questions, while a constitution addressed the distribution of political power
• could be passed and repealed by legislatures, while a constitution was a fundamental law ratified by the people and superior to all legislation
• applied to the sates; a constitution was a document of the federal government

One way that American independence actually harmed the nation's economic fortunes was by

• ending British trade and investment in America
• abolishing the stable currency system that had existed under the empire
• weakening the manufacturing efforts begun under the British
• cutting off American trade with the British empire

Attempts to establish strong governments in post-Revolutionary America were seriously hindered by the 

• lack of strong leadership available in the new nation
• revolutionary ideology that preached national rights and suspicion of all governmental authority
• hostility of the clergy toward the idea of separation of church and state
• fear that a strong government would suppress economic development

The first US government of the Articles of Confederation was finally approved when

• George Washington insisted that he needed a single ruling authority to deal with
• land-rich states like Virginia and New York agreed to hand over their lands to the new government for the common benefit
• Congress abandoned the principle that each state had one vote regardless of size
• the economy was plunged into severe depression that required drastic action

The greatest weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation was that

• it was unable to deal with the issue of western lands
• it had no power to establish relations wiht foreign governments
• there was no judicial branch to balance the legislative and executive branches
• it had no power to regulate commerce or collect taxes from the sovereign states

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided that

• the states should retain permanent control of their western lands
• after sufficient population growth, western territories could be organized and then join the union as states
• the settlers in the northwest could vote on whether or not they should have slavery
• the Old Northwest states should have permanent access to the Great Lakes water