Developmental Psychology

Jean Piaget defined egocentrism as:

• The belief that young adults don’t listen to their parents
• The idea that preschool children cannot see things from another’s point of view
•  The understanding that young children cannot learn outside of a structured classroom
• Th ebelief that children cannot do more than one task at a time

 According to Jean Piaget, what type of learning do individuals acquire during the formal operational stage?

• Abstract thought
•  Symbolism
• Memorization skills
• ) Auditory learning

 An awareness that objects continue to exist when out of sight is called:

• Mental images
• Sensory-motor
•  Object permanence
•  Conservation

 According to Lawrence Kohlberg, during the preconventional stage of moral development children tend to:

•  Use abstract thoughts or principles to determine their behavior
• Make behavioral decisions based on legal issues
• Understand morality based on customs or values
• Interpret behavior in terms of concrete consequences

 During a discussion in class regarding cheating in school, a student argues, “Cheating is wrong; it is important to follow rules.” Lawrence Kohlberg would say this student is in what stage of moral development?

• Preconventional
•  Conventional
• Postconventional
• Advanced conventional

 As a preschooler, Emma has developed a number of cognitive and social skills that she will use to assume responsibility. According to Erik Erikson, what stage of psychosocial development is Emma in?

• Trust versus mistrust
•  Autonomy versus self-doubt
•  Initiative versus guilt
• Identity versus role confusion

 The rooting reflex is an infant’s tendency to:

• Throw legs up in the air
•  Wave arms when startled
•  Open mouth and turn head when touched on the cheek
•  Grasp nearby objects

Harry Harlow’s experiment with monkeys and surrogate mothers emphasized the importance of:

• Satisfying hunger
• Body temperature
•  Fulfilling needs
• Contact

 Authoritative parents can best be defined as:

•  Parents who befriend their children and do not use discipline
• Parents who are less controlling and behave with a more accepting attitude
• Parents who try to control the behavior of their children in accordance with a set standard of conduct
• Supportive parents who discuss their rules and policies with their children

A 38-year-old woman quits her high-paying marketing job to focus on her children and become a school counselor. What stage would Erikson consider this to be:

• Idenitity vs. Role Confusion 
• Generativity vs. Stagnation
• Ego Integrity vs. Despair
• Industry vs. Inferiority