Modern Astronomy

Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn show retrograde motion because…

• planets move on epicycles.
• planets orbit the Sun in the same direction
• Earth moves faster in its orbit
• they are closer than Uranus

______________ improved on earlier models of the telescope to identify 4 moons of Jupiter, rings of Saturn, phases of Venus, and more to become known as the "Father of Modern Observational Astronomy."

• Copernicus
• Newton
• Galileo
• Ptolemy

What type of orbit does the Earth have?  This was proven by astronomer Johannes Kepler.

• An elliptical orbit around the moon.
• An elliptical orbit around the Sun.
• A circular orbit around the moon.
• A circular orbit around the Sun.

The astronomer ____________ theorized a _______________ that said everything revolved around the Earth.

• Galileo; heliocentric universe
• Ptolemy; geocentric universe
• Ptolemy; heliocentric universe
• Galileo; geocentric universe

_______________ Law of Universal Gravitation says that all objects in the universe have a gravitational force.  This force of gravity depends on __________________. 

• Copernicus; size and distance
• Newton; weight and distance
• Newton; mass and distance
• Galileo; size and distance

Began a new era of astronomy when he concluded that the Sun was the center of the universe

• Aristotle
• Isaac Newton
• Claudius Ptolemy
• Nicolaus Copernicus

What is in the center of the Heliocentric Model?

• Sun
• Comet 
• Jupiter
• Earth

What model does this represent?

• Geocentric 
• Heliocentric 

This image shows the:

• Geocentric Solar System
• Heliocentric Solar System

This person was the first to use a telescope to make observations in the sky -

• Aristotle
• Ptolemy
• Copernicus
• Galileo