Ch. 11 Test Review

Which answer choice BEST describes the effects of the rapid growth of cities and industry
during this period?

• The costs of rapid growth were very small, and almost everyone ignored them.
• The costs of rapid growth became so great that many cities put limits on new factories.
• Growth benefited many people, including the millions of immigrants who came to the
  United States. But growth had costs, such as pollution and overcrowding of cities.
• The rapid growth of industry in the cities led to the collapse of American farming, as
  almost all farmers moved into the cities to work in factories.

Who was the African American scientist from the South who developed many uses for the
peanut and sweet potato?

• Lewis Latimer
• George Washington Carver
• Langston Hughes
• Frederick Douglass

Which answer choice BEST explains why Americans adopted the electric light
bulb quickly?

• America’s candle makers went on a lengthy strike.
• The government subsidized, or paid, part of the purchase price of every light bulb.
• Light bulbs allowed farmers to work after sundown.
• Electric power became widely available to houses and apartments.

Why was the horsecar an improvement over the horse-drawn coach?

• Horsecars ran on the new asphalt highways that were appearing all over the country.
• Horsecars protected their passengers from the weather.
• Horsecars ran on steel rails, which made them more comfortable. They also made
  regular stops, which made them more convenient.
• Most Americans felt that the horse-drawn coach was better than the newer horsecar,
  and continued to use the coach.

The telephone and the car were invented in the late 19th century. Yet we still use both of
these inventions widely today. What conclusion can you draw from this?

• Inventions from over a century ago are still in use today, even though advances in
  technology have changed them greatly.
• The original telephone and car from the 19th century were so good that we still use
  them today.
• Inventions have short lives. We use them for a while, then they disappear.
• People will always use telephones and cars.

What was one reason why cities grew rapidly in the United States as big business grew?

• Companies did not want to build factories in rural areas because farm workers often
  destroyed their property.
• Large companies built company housing that they gave to workers in cities for free.
  That attracted many immigrants to the cities.
• People moved into cities to escape the worsening rural violence between the army and
  Native Americans.
• Larger companies could produce goods at a lower cost. As companies grew, they
  needed a large supply of workers. The immigrants and others moving into large cities
  supplied the labor the large companies needed.

Which answer choice BEST describes an entrepreneur?

• Entrepreneurs started the labor union movement in the United States.
• Entrepreneurs are government employees who assist inventors in bringing their ideas to
  the marketplace.
• Entrepreneurs take risks in creating new businesses. If their businesses are successful,
  they earn profits.
• Entrepreneurs do basic research in large universities. The results of their research
  benefit the overall economy.

Which answer choice is an example of an innovation leading to improvements in the
production of a good?

• The Bessemer process made it possible to produce high-quality steel more cheaply
  than before.
• Andrew Carnegie bought iron and coal mines so that he could own the main materials
  he needed to make steel.
• The growth of factories in large cities attracted large numbers of immigrants from
  Europe to those cities.
• The telephone was a major advance in communications.

How did immigrants contribute to the diversity of American culture?

• They stopped speaking their native languages and adopted English.
• They no long practiced their traditions.
• They sent their children to English language schools.
• They brought their languages and traditions with them.

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 is an example of

• politicians reacting to growing prejudice against immigrants in the United States.
• entrepreneurs making economic innovations.
• urbanization.
• popular resistance to the growing air pollution from industry.