Earth Science Unit Exam Part 2 English

The law of superposition states that, in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer is

• Younger than the layer above it and older than the layer below it
• Neither older nor younger than the other layers
• Older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it
• Always older than the vertical layers

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

What is a fossil?

• any dead organisms
• the preserved remains or trace of an organism
• a perfect replica of a rock
• an unusual type of rock

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

About 260 million years ago, Earth’s continents moved together to form the supercontinent called

• Antarctica
• Cambria
• North America
• Pangaea

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The geologic time scale is a record of

• the thickness of sedimentary rock layers
• the rate of fossil formation
• the life forms and geologic events in Earth's history
• the time since the evolution of dinosaurs

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Ice wedging causes mechanical weathering of rock by means of

• heating and cooling
• plant growth
• animal actions
• freezing and thawing of water

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

The process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another is called

• soil conservation
• deposition
• abrasion
• erosion

A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly with a reddish brown color. It probably has been chemically weathered by

• abrasion
• carbon dioxide
• oxygen
• general acid rain

What kind of weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change?

• mechanical weathering
• permeable weathering
• chemical weathering
• general weathering

What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?

• crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
• inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
• outer core, inner core, crust, mantle
• crust, outer core, inner core, mantle

Geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth’s interior by 

• recording and studying seismic waves
• directly looking under the many layers
• estimating the temperature inside Earth
• measuring pressure differences at Earth's surface