CHAPTER 13.1 HOMEOSTASIS (PART 2)

Which cells in the pancreas are responsible for producing and secreting insulin and glucagon?

• Alpha cells

• Beta cells

• Langerhans cells

• Delta cells

What hormone is secreted by beta (β) cells in the pancreatic Langerhans cells when blood sugar levels increase?

• Glucagon

• Insulin

• Adrenaline

• Cortisol

What is the role of insulin in muscle cells?

• Converts excess glucose into glycogen

• Stimulates the use of glucose in cell respiration

• Breaks down fat to release fatty acids

• Inhibits glucose uptake

How does glucagon affect liver cells?

• Converts glucose to glycogen

• Converts glycogen to glucose

• Inhibits glucose production

• Stimulates fat storage

What can cause diabetes mellitus?

• Excessive sugar intake

• Failure in insulin production

• Lack of exercise

• High cholesterol levels

How can diabetes mellitus be controlled

• Through diet and exercise

• By taking vitamin supplements

• Through insulin pills or injection

• By reducing salt intake

What is the role of the respiratory control center in the medulla oblongata?

• It regulates voluntary actions.

• It controls the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood.

• It regulates breathing as an involuntary action.

• It maintains the body's temperature.

How does the respiratory control center contribute to homeostasis?

• By regulating blood sugar levels.

• By controlling the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.

• By maintaining the balance of electrolytes.

• By regulating the heart rate.

What happens to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide during vigorous activity?

• It decreases due to increased oxygen intake.

• It remains constant.

• It increases because of cellular respiration.

• It decreases because of cellular respiration.

What does carbon dioxide dissolve in to form carbonic acid?

• Blood plasma

• Water

• Oxygen

• Hemoglobin