DNA STAAR Practice

Nitrogenous bases are located on both strands of the DNA double helix. What is the significance of the nitrogenous bases?

• The number of adenines and cytosines determines the type of RNA that will be produced.
• The order of nitrogenous bases determines the order of amino acids in the proteins synthesized.
• The amount of thymine and guanine in the DNA molecules determines the length of the genes.
• The type of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases determines which amino acid will be added to the peptide chain.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which DNA strand is complementary to the top one shown in the picture?

• A
• B
• C
• D

A segment of DNA is represented in the illustration.
How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?

• As a sequence of nucleotides
• In the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosome
• In the ratio of adenines to thymines
• As a pattern of phosphates and sugars

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A model of a biological process is shown. What is the purpose of this process?

• To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division
• To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template
• To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code
• To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The initial steps in gene expression are modeled below. Double-stranded DNA first unwinds into two strands. Which process and product are represented in Diagram 2?

• Process: transcription; product: mRNA
• Process: translation; product: protein
• Process: replication; product: tRNA
• Process: recombination; product: polymerase

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the mRNA sequence ^5'AUG GUU AAA CGA CAA UCC^3'?
*Use Codon Chart*

• Val, Lys, Phe, Gly, Ser
• Met, Asp, Phe, Ala, Arg
• Met, Val, Lys, Arg, Gln, Ser
• Ile, Gln, Lys, Asp, Gly, Leu, Ser

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Different types of mutations can occur in DNA.The diagram represents a type of mutation. Which statement describes the mutation in the diagram?

• A silent mutation results in the insertion of a different amino acid.
• A substitution occurs with the adenine base.
• A deletion of a cytosine base occurs.
• A base is inserted into one strand of the DNA.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?

• The nuclear membrane is ruptured.
• Amino acids do not bond to tRNA.
• A codon sequence is incorrect.
• Transportation ofmRNA does not occur.

Sickle-shaped red blood cells result from a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This mutation results in sickle-cell anemia. A partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a sequence that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown picture. What type of mutation is depicted in this sequence?

• Substitution
• Insertion
• Deletion
• Frameshift

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Albinism is an autosomal recessive condition. Which circle graph shows the genotype probability when an albino female mates with a male that is heterozygous for the albinism trait?

• F
• H
• G
• J

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2