IG Physics Section 7

The alpha particle scattering experiment by Rutherford

• gave rise to the nuclear model of the atom
• is the reason we think electrons have a negative charge
• was carried out using thick metal foils
• lead to the idea that all matter was made of indivisible atoms

This image shows

• an isotope of Hydrogen containing 0 neutrons
• an isotope of Hydrogen containing 1 neutron
• a Helium atom
• a nucleus containing no charge

This shows nuclide notation

• where Z = 17 and A = 35
• of an isotope of Chlorine containing 17 protons and 35 neutrons
• for a Chlorine atom with a fraction of some nucleons = 0.453 inside the nucleus
• all of these

An instrument used to detect radioactivity

• Geiger-Muller tube
• signal generator
• Marsden-Gladwell tube
• Rutherford tube

The missing parts are

• Radon 222 and Tellurium 131
• a proton and an electron
• Polonium 230 and Tin 131
• none of these

The missing particle in parts b), c), amd d) are

• Hydrogen-3, Beryllium-4 and a proton

• Helium-3, Lithium-4 and a neutron

• Helium-3, Lithium-4 and a proton

• Hydrogen-3, Helium-4 and a proton

Ionising radiation is casues atoms to turn into ions by adding or removing electrons from neutral atoms. Types of ionsing radiation includes:

• alpha, beta, gamma
• microwaves and T.V. waves
• protons and neutrinos
• neutrons and infra-red waves

Even when a radioactive source is not placed anywhere near the GM tube it still detects some radioactivity. This is due to 

• malfunction
• background radiation
• the weather 
• humidity

Beta particles

• are a fast moving electron
• have nearly no mass
• have a negative charge
• all of these

Alpha paticles

• have a charge of 2+
• are made from 4 neutrons
• are the nucleus of a hydrogen
• all of these