The traditional definition of music is

• the organization of sound in time
• anything with a beat
• that which can be traced back to the ancient culture of the Greeks
• something that sounds pleasing to the ear

Among the most ancient reasons for manipulating sound is

• connecting to the spiritual, even altering consciousness.
• trying to communicate with other worlds in the universe.
• distracting the enemy in battle.
• boredom with the usual sounds.

Form is described as

• the organization of music in time
• how the music looks in print
• how art is created to look like music
• good technique and virtuosity

Meter is

• the basic framework of rhythm
• a basic unit of harmony
• always irregular
• only found in Gregorian Chant

In most of our musical examples that include harmony, the composers have typically derived

• both melody and harmony from the same set of pitches
• a melody from no specific framework or source
• melody from Gregorian Chant
• harmony from a study of the planet structure

The Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries brought music making to ____________________.

• ordinary churchgoers in worship services
• the middle class in the concert halls
• ordinary peasants in the camps and shanty towns
• the monasteries and abbeys of the Catholic Church

Tonality gave musicians the power to 

• regulate musical time and create points of arrival
• add black keys to the organ
• write in monophonic texture
• breathe between phrases

Among the first professional musicians were 

• minstrels, all around entertainers
• harp players in the abbey
• kings who owned Chinese flutes
• organist in the large churches of Europe

After the fall of the Roman Empire, the _________ became the dominant institution in Europe. 

• Catholic Church
• Scottish clans
• Protestant Church
• Queens

Having a universal language for the Mass such as Latin, was especially appropriate because

• so many languages and dialects existed in Europe
• because the Pope spoke Latin
• it was the only way to translate the service
• they didn’t have to print so many books