Biology Ecology Review

Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?

•  Communities make up species, which make up populations
• Populations make up species, which make up communities.
• Species make up communities, which make up populations
• Species make up populations, which make up communities

The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is

• a population
• a community
• an ecosystem
• a species

The lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living and nonliving factors is the

•  biome
• community
•  ecosystem
• biosphere

The algae at the beginning of the food chain are

•  primary consumers
• decomposers
•  primary producers
• heterotrophs

How do most primary producers make their own food?

• by using light energy to make carbohydrates
• by using chemical energy to make carbohydrates 
•  by changing water into carbon dioxide 
• by breaking down remains to make carbon dioxide

Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live?

• chemosynthetic bacteria 
•  algae
• trees
• photosynthetic bacteria

The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the

• organic mass
• trophic mass
• energy mass
• biomass

What animals eat both producers and consumers?

•  herbivores
• omnivores
• chemotrophs
• autotrophs

A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which pair of ecological terms describes the bird?

• herbivore, decomposer
•  producer, heterotroph
• carnivore, consumer
• autotroph, herbivore

Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is

• used in reproduction
• stored as body tissue
•  stored as fat
• eliminated as heat