The Industrial Revolution

Why did coal production expand greatly during the Industrial Revolution?

• People preferred to use coal over electricity because it was more powerful.
• Coal was an environmentally clean method of fueling machines.
• New methods of mining coal made it a very easy job.
• Coal was needed to run steam engines.

Industrialization spread rapidly in both Europe and the United States thanks to

• Steam-powered trains
• Ships
• Peasants
• Wealthy Investors

How did industrialization create new social classes as well as the conditions for improving the rights of workers?

• More production caused more wealth for the upper classes, who preferred socialism in order to share their wealth with all workers.
• Most factories improved conditions on their own due to pressure from the wealthy factory owners.
• Bad working conditions created a working class and led workers  to equalize the wealth and control working conditions.
• Paying women half of what men received caused all of society to rebel and demand equal pay for women.

Pioneered the ideas of capitalization and laissez-faire economics, which pushed for less government involvement and for the economy to take care of itself.

• Karl Marx
• King George III
• Adam Smith
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Pioneered the ideas of socialism, which formed the basis of communism. Believe the working class would overthrow the factory owners and create a classless society.

• Karl Marx
• King George III
• Adam Smith
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

How did the revolts in France affect other countries of Europe?

• The French preferred to keep the news of their revolts secret to avoid affecting other countries.
• France’s revolts led other countries, like French controlled Haiti, to demand change as well.
• Other countries avoided following France’s example.
• Monarchs in other countries fled for their lives after hearing of France’s revolts.

The factory created a new labor system in which...

• products were produced by in the homes of individuals.
• workers had to work regular hours and perform repetitive tasks with the assistance of machines.
• machines were valued more highly than the workers who ran them.
• workers had many opportunities for breaks to work at maximum capacity for 12-16 hours.

Urban populations grew during the European Industrial Revolution because...

• people wanted to live close to their friends.
• jobs were disappearing in rural areas due to overproduction.
• cities had more fun things to do.
• people wanted to live close to nature.

How did the Agricultural Revolution contribute to the Industrial Revolution?

• Increased food production allowed for workers to live longer.
• the rich bought new factories to increase production.
• factories could move away from rivers because of new fuel sources.
• workers refused to live on welfare, instead working jobs in hard labour.

During the Industrial Revolution, what did working-class women in Europe do to begin to change their status?

• Bought land
• Worked in factories
• Went to college
• Voted in elections