Biology Summary Test

Which of the following categories of organic molecules is correctly paired with one of its functions?

• nucleic acids -- digest dead cells
• lipids -- give quick energy to cells
• carbohydrates -- store genetic information
• proteins -- provide structure in skin, hair, and nails

Which of the following is the main reason that humans need to include carbohydrates in their diet?

• Carbohydrates are broken down in cells for energy.
• Carbohydrates combine to form many different proteins.
• Carbohydrates act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions. 
• Carbohydrates are the building blocks for cell growth and repair.

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Cellular respiration involves a series of chemical reactions. Which of the following is a primary way that enzymes affect these reactions?

• They decrease the pH of the products. 
• They increase the rate of the reactions.
• They slow down the rate of the reactions.
• They change the location of the reactions. 

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Which statement best describes the relationship that exists among proteins, DNA, and cells?

• Proteins combine to produce cells, which produce DNA.
• Proteins are made up of DNA, which determines the cells that are produced.
• DNA is made up of proteins, which tell a cell how to function.
• Cells contain DNA, which controls the production of proteins.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which statement about plant and animal cells is true?

• Both have a cell wall to give them support.
• Both have a large vacuole to store water.
• Both use chloroplasts to store energy.
• Both use mitochondria to produce energy.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Features of plant cells that clearly make them different from animal cells are

• more cytoplasm and smaller vacuoles.
• a larger nucleus and fewer chromosomes.
• a cell wall and chloroplasts
• a changing size and indefinite shape.

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How can two cells from the same organism have different shapes and functions?

• The cells randomly become different.
• Sexual reproduction causes mutations in certain cells.
• Certain genes are turned on in one cell and turned off in the other cell.
• Different cells in the organism have different DNA.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-2

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

If an animal cell is placed in distilled water, it will swell and burst. The bursting of the cell is a result of which biological process?

• active transport
• enzyme activity
• respiration
• osmosis

If energy is needed to move materials into or out of a cell, what is most likely occurring? 

• passive transport
• osmosis 
• diffusion
• active transport

A sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move sodium and potassium ions into or out of a cell. The movement of glucose into or out of a cell does not require energy. Which statement best describes the movement of these materials across a cell membrane?

• Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by osmosis.
• Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by diffusion.
• Sodium and potassium ions move by diffusion, and glucose moves by
  osmosis.
• Sodium and potassium ions move by diffusion, and glucose moves by active transport.