AP - Unit 2: Cell Communication

Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?

• kinase

• phosphatase

A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a

• ligand
• second messenger
• protein kinase
• receptor protein

What do second messengers do?

• transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
• relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
• relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
• dampen the message

Signal amplification is most often achieved by

• an enzyme cascade
• binding of multiple signals
• branching pathways
• action of adenylyl cyclase

The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are

• reception, transduction, response
• response, transduction, reception
• reception, response, transduction
• transduction, reception, response

Protein kinases activate other relay proteins by adding a(n) ____ to them.

• phosphate group

• ATP molecule
• cAMP
• GTP

What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?

• phosphorylation cascade
• cAMP
• signal receptors
• phosphatase

This is an example of

• short distance

• cell to cell

• long-distance signaling
• autocrine

This is an example of

• short distance

• cell to cell

• long-distance signaling
• autocrine

This is an example of

• short distance

• cell to cell

• long-distance signaling
• autocrine