IES Final

3) Atoms that have an electrical charge due to a gain or loss of electrons are called ________.

•  A) ions
• B) isotopes
• C) isochrons
• D) neutrons

7) Which of the following silicate minerals is the most abundant in Earth's crust?

• A) pyroxene 
• B) olivine 
• C) garnet
• D) feldspars 

11) The resistance of a mineral to scratching or abrasion is known as ________.

• A) luster
• B) cleavage
• C) streak
• D) hardness

19) Which the following are the positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus?

• A) protons
• B) neutrons
• C) ions
• D) electrons

21) Which of the following properties would be least useful for identifying a sample of calcite?

• A) reaction to hydrochloric acid
• B) three planes of cleavage
• C) white color
• D) hardness of 3 on the Mohs scale

24) If a mineral has a specific gravity of 3, it must be ________ times as dense as water.

• A) 1
• B) 2
• C) 3
• D) 4

36) The terms bladed, fibrous, cubic, and platy describe ________.

• A) tenacity
• B) mineral strength
• C) crystal habit
• D) density

34) Which of the following elements has the most valance electrons in its outermost shell?

• A) carbon
• B) nitrogen
• C) oxygen
• D) helium

13) You are handed a sample of an unknown silicate mineral. Which two elements must it contain?

• A) silicon and oxygen
• B) iron and silicon
• C) carbon and hydrogen
• D) silicon and sodium

8) Calcite, halite, gypsum, and quartz are all light colored minerals with a similar appearance; however each mineral has a diagnostic property that makes it distinguishable from the others. Discuss in detail how you could easily identify these minerals.

• Answer:  Calcite reacts with acid and has three cleavage angles at non right angles. Halite is salty with cleavage planes three directions of cleavage at right angles. Gypsum is very soft, can be scratched with your fingernail. Quartz has a conchoidal fracture and will scratch glass.
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