Earth has five layers based on physical properties. The diagram below shows these five layers.   

Which letter represents the mesosphere?

• B
• C
• D
• E

Imagine you could travel in a straight line through Earth from a point on one side and come out on the other side. What compositional layer would you travel through in the exact center of Earth?

• Core
• Crust
• Lithosphere
• Mesosphere

How is the outer core of Earth different from the inner core?

• The outer core is solid, and the inner core is liquid.
• The outer core is liquid, and the inner core is solid.
• The outer core is made of nickel, and the inner core is made of iron.
• The outer core is made of iron, and the inner core is made of nickel.

Earth has five layers based on physical properties. The diagram below shows these five layers. 

Which letter represents the asthenosphere, the soft layer on which the tectonic plates move?     

• A
• B
• C
• D

In which layer of Earth is the crust found?

• Core
• Lithosphere
• Asthenosphere
• Mesosphere

A geologist is investigating changes that occur during the rock cycle. Which of the following takes place when an igneous rock turns into sedimentary rock?

• Weathering
• Deformation
• Pressure Increase
• Temperature Increase

Rocks are always a part of the rock cycle, even though they may stay in one part of it for millions of years. Which part of the rock cycle leads directly to the forming of igneous rock, but not other types of rock?

• Erosion
• Cooling
• Deposition
• Metamorphism

Fossils are often hardened remains of organisms that once lived, such as a bone or tooth. Which characteristic of metamorphic rock makes it unlikely for fossils to be found in this type of rock? (Hint: Step 1. Recall the conditions under which metamorphic rocks form. Step 2. Identify the description most closely related to the formation of metamorphic rocks.)

• Fossils are broken apart during volcanic eruptions.
• High temperatures and pressure destroy the fossils.
  
  
• Tiny sediments build up in the fossils as they are deposited.
• Ocean water moving across the rock carries the fossils away.

The flow chart below shows how a metamorphic rock can change into a sedimentary rock. 

Which term should replace the question mark?

• Cooling
• Melting
• Deposition
• Weathering

Margo is designing an experiment to investigate the rock cycle. She has written the following steps.

Step 1: Gather shavings from different colors of crayons.
Step 2: Place a small pile of shavings between sheets of waxed paper and press down on them lightly.
Step 3:  Place a small pile of shavings between sheets of waxed paper and press down on them with great force.
Step 4: Compare the results produced in Steps 2 and 3.

Which question might Margo be investigating? (Hint: Step 1. Figure out which type of rock is modeled by the investigation. Step 2. Identify the factor that Margo changes.)

• How does the type of sediment affect the texture of igneous rock?
• How does the amount of sediment affect the type of rock that is formed?
  
  
• How does the pressure involved affect the formation of sedimentary rock?
• How does the original type of rock affect the composition of the metamorphic rock?