5.20

President Lincoln's decision on what to do about the situation at Fort Sumter in the first weeks of his administration can best be characterized as

• a strategic blunder.
• rash and hotheaded.
• a middle of the road solution.
• ill thought out.

Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when it was learned that

• Lincoln had ordered the fort reinforced with federal troops.
• Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort.
• the fort's commander was planning to evacuate his troops secretly from the fort.
• Lincoln had called for seventy-five thousand militia troops to form a voluntary Union army.

In 1861, many Northerners were willing to allow Southern states to leave the Union until

• the South attacked Fort Sumter.
• John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry.
• Robert E. Lee was named to head the potential new nation's army.
• South Carolina seceded from the United States.

In order to persuade the Border States to remain in the Union, President Lincoln

• never had to use troops.
• guaranteed that they could keep slavery permanently.
• used only totally legal methods.
• used legally dubious methods.

Lincoln's declaration that the North sought to preserve the Union with or without slavery

• caused some seceded states to rejoin the Union.
• revealed the influence of the Border States on his policies.
• came as a disappointment to most Northerners and demoralized the Union.
• cost him support in the Butternut region of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.

Lincoln declared from the outset of the Civil War that

• he was not fighting to free the blacks.
• he wanted to see an end to slavery.
• slaves in all the Confederate states were now legally emancipated.
• he believed blacks and whites were equal.

During the Civil War, most of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory of present-day Oklahoma

• remained neutral.
• supported the Confederacy.
• gave up their slaves.
• sought admission as a Confederate state.

The Cherokees' decision on whether to side with the North or South during the Civil War was based on

• the invitation by Union leaders to send tribal delegates to Congress.
• the fact that the tribe also owned slaves.
• promises by the Lincoln administration to continue making payments to the tribe.
• the offer of a large cash payment in return for military support.

In return for support from the Plains Indians during the Civil War, the Union

• allowed them to send delegates to Congress.
• increased their federal payments.
• made them scouts for the U.S. Army.
• waged war on them and herded them onto reservations.

To achieve its independence, the Confederacy had to

• win a decisive military victory on its own soil.
• capture Washington, D.C.
• fight the invading Union army to a draw.
• invade the Union.