pre ap assessment review

In the late nineteenth century, reformers called for solutions to problems created by industrialization and urbanization. Protestant leaders of the Social Gospel movement supported this idea by claiming —

• Christians had a duty to help the poor 
• the poor needed to convert to Christianity 
• poor social conditions were a sign of God’s will 
• Catholic political bosses were not helping the poor 

How did industrialization in the United States change the lives of women and children in the nineteenth century? 

• Women and children gained higher social status as business owners. 
• Women and children were more educated in order to compete for jobs. 
• Women and children increasingly became wage earns in their families. 
• Women and children rose as leaders in the movement to organize labor. 

What were the greatest challenges that immigrants faced during the Industrial Revolution? 

• Inadequate housing, poor sanitation, and abusive child labor. 
• No jobs, boring piece work, and bright lights in apartments. 
• Medium salaries, surplus management positions, and no food.
• No political connections, lack of parks for children to play, and no newspapers from home.

How did the migration of many Chinese railroad workers affect the United States? 

• It increased the miles of railroad tracks, increased the number of colleges in California, and resulted in the formation of the National Park System. 
• It decreased voter participation, increased the workers in factories and resulted in more cultural celebrations. 
• It increased the Asian population on the west coast, increased nativism among Anglos, and resulted in the Chinese exclusion Act. 
• It increased the strikes against big business, decreased the migration from Western Europe, and resulted in tenement housing in large cities. 

By 1900, at least 40% of Americans lived in urban areas, with New York City and Chicago having populations of over one million. This increased urbanization largely resulted in — 

• cities that were overcrowded, congested and polluted 
• philanthropists establishing foundations to help the poor 
• passage of legislation limiting immigration to urban areas 
• demands for an end to the power of the political machines

Farming Innovations, 1860–1900 
 Mechanical reaper
 Steel plow
  Steel windmill
 Seed drill
What factor spurred development of the technological innovations listed in the box during the late nineteenth century? 

• Farmers began experimenting with new inventions to sell in newly-formed businesses. 
• Business leaders had money to invest in research and development of new technologies
• New inventions were introduced to the United States by immigrants coming from Europe. 
• Population growth in the United States resulted in increased demand for agricultural products. 

How did the transcontinental railroad most affect the standard of living in the United States? 

• It increased the Asian population on the west coast. 
• It decreased the standard of living by shipping agricultural products east and manufactured goods west. 
• It increased the standard of living by shipping agricultural products east and manufactured goods west. 
• It allowed for faster transportation to visit other parts of the country.