Unit 1 Quiz #1 Review

Use the excerpt below to answer the question.
In every government there are three sorts of power; the legislative; the executive, in respect to things dependent on the law of nations; and the executive, in regard to things that depend on the civil law.
—The Spirit of Laws, Baron de Montesquieu, 1748

Which principle of the U.S. Constitution was most influenced by the concepts expressed in this excerpt?

• separation of powers
• federalism
• individual rights
• social contract

Which of the following events most helped to establish the concept of the rule of law?

• King John I signed the Magna Carta in 1215.
• William the Conqueror invaded England in 1066.
• Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492.
• Martin Luther wrote his 95 Theses in 1517.

Which of the following statements best identifies a way that democracy differs from other forms of government?

• In democracy, government’s role is to promote equality.
• In democracy, government has the primary responsibility for securing economic prosperity.
• In democracy, government ensures stability and order.
• In democracy, government promotes individual freedom and rights.

Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu

• did not believe that the laws of the universe could be discovered.
• rebelled against King John of England, who had treated them harshly.
• argued that the laws of nature also applied to human life and society.
• invested in joint-stock companies.

The purpose of this document is to

• abolish the monarchy.
• proclaim the dominance of the English Church.
• list the rights of free men.
• prevent free men from ever being imprisoned.

Use the excerpt below to answer the question.
. . . Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,—That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of thePeople to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government . . . —The Declaration of Independence, 1776

This excerpt is based on which philosophical argument?

• rule of law
• social contract theory
• civil disobedience
• divine right of kings

Brazil is led by a president who is elected by the citizens.  Citizens in Brazil elect a new president every four years.  Citizens also elect representatives to serve in two different legislative bodies. Which form of government does Brazil have?

• representative democracy
• direct democracy
• monarchy
• oligarchy

Which of the following Enlightenment thinkers are credited with the idea of natural rights?

• Baron de Montesquieu
• John Locke
• Jean Jacques Rousseau
• George Washington

Which of the following terms would correctly label this image?

• social contract
• precedent
• separation of powers
• natural rights

Which of the following is true about common law?

• rests on previous court decisions as opposed to written legislation
• judges looked to precedents (rulings on similar court cases)
• informs rulings on civil cases, such child custody cases
• all of the above