6.26

In post-Civil War America, Indians surrendered their lands only when they

• traded land for rifles and blankets.
• chose to migrate farther west.
• were allowed to control the supply of food and other staples to the reservations.
• received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies on the remaining land.

In the warfare that raged between the Indians and the American military after the Civil War,

• the U.S. army was able to dominate with its superior technology.
• there was often great cruelty and massacres on both sides.
• Indians and soldiers seldom came into face-to-face combat.
• the Indians were never as well armed as the soldiers.

The Buffalo Soldiers were

• Military officials who criticized George M. Custer's tactics.
• Soldiers who were killed in the Fetterman massacre.
• African American cavalry and soldiers who served in the frontier wars.
• Soldiers who sought to defeat the Indians by depriving them of their primary food supply.

The Indians battled whites for all the following reasons except to

• punish whites for breaking treaties.
• rescue their families who had been exiled to Oklahoma.
• defend their lands against white invaders.
• preserve their nomadic way of life against forced settlement.

As a result of the complete defeat of Captain William Fetterman's command in 1866

• white settlers agreed to halt their expansion beyond the 100th meridian.
• the government abandoned the Bozeman Trail and guaranteed the Sioux their lands.
• the government sent extensive military reinforcements to the Dakotas and Montana.
• the conflict between the U.S. army and the Sioux came to a peaceful end.

A new round of warfare between the Sioux and U.S. Army began in 1874 when

• Colonel George Custer led an expedition to Little Big Horn, Montana.
• the U.S. Army decided to retaliate for the Fetterman massacre.
• the federal government announced that it was opening all Sioux lands to settlement.
• Colonel George Custer discovered gold on Sioux land in the Black Hills.

The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender

• by the coming of the railroads and the virtual extermination of the buffalo.
• when the army began using artillery against them.
• because they were decimated by their constant intertribal warfare.
• after such famous leaders as Geronimo and Sitting Bull were killed.

The Nez Percé Indians of Idaho were goaded into war when

• the Sioux began to migrate onto their land.
• gold was discovered on their reservation.
• the federal government attempted to force them onto a reservation.
• their alliance with the Shoshones required it.

The buffalo were nearly exterminated

• through wholesale butchery by whites.
• when their meat became valued in eastern markets.
• by disease.
• as a result of being overhunted by the Indians.

All of the following are true statements about Indians who ended up on reservations in the 1870s and 1880s except

• they could theoretically preserve their cultural autonomy.
• they were forced to eke out an existence.
• many died from diseases.
• they felt protected by the U.S. government.