Learning

Learning can best be described as

• a relatively permanent change change in behavior 
• a permanent change in behavior 
• due primarily to unconscious motives 
• momentary changes that require biological changes from within 

Lim noticed that whenever he moved his dog's food dish, his dog would come into the kitchen & act hungry & excited. He reasoned that because he feeds the dog using that dish, the sound of the dish had become a(n)

• UCS
• CS
• UCR
• CR

which of the following statements is essential to classical conditioning?

• The CS and UCS must come close together in time
• The CS must immediately after the CR 
• The NS and UCR must be paired several times before conditioning takes place 
• The CS should be something highly unusual 

Ever since se was scared by a dog as a young child, Lina has been afraid of all dogs. The fact that she is not only afraid of the original dog but all types of dogs is an example of 

• extinction 
• spontaneous recovery 
• stimulus discrimination 
• stimulus generalization 

Karim has overcome her fear of toy snakes. However, on one occasion his fear returned when he found a toy snake in the cushions of his couch. Such a reaction is called 

• spontaneous recovery 
• higher-order conditioning 
• extinction 
• stimulus generalization 

In Watson's experiment with 'Little Albert', the CS was 

• the white rat 
• the loud noise 
• the fear of the rat 
• the fear of the noise 

Which of the following is the Thorndike's law of effect?

• Rizal, gets compliments from Sara from wearing a nice shirt. Subsequently, Rizal wears the shirt whenever he thinks he will be seeing Sara 
• Kamal always cleans his room or he knows he will be punished 
• Remy tries to complete his homework even though he hates to do it 
• Alya often sits around inside hoping that someone will call her to do something 

To a dog _______ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ______ is an example of a 2ndary reinforcer 

• a paycheck; money
• dog food; a frisbee
• dog food; dog treats 
• a gold start; candy 

Joe owned a small repair shop. Each day he would check the mail to see if any of his customers mailed in a payment for the work he had done for them. Some days, he would receive a cheque or two. at other times he would have to wait days before getting another payment. what schedule of reinforcement is here?

• fixed interval 
• fixed ratio 
• variable interval 
• variable ratio 

Amna's mother was upset to find that Amna had not picked up her legos after repeated requests to do so. the next morning, Amna found all her legos had been picked up & and put into a bag on the top of the refrigerator. Amna's mother told her that she couldn't play with her legos for the next two days. which type of discipline did she use? 

• negative reinforcement 
• punishment by application 
• punishment by removal 
• positive reinforcement