AP World -- Chapter 4

Which of the following was a result of the period of political confusion after the fall of the Zhou?

• Chinese civilization failed to produce another dynasty for centuries.
• The shi ceased to play a significant role in Chinese government.
• Feudalism became the dominant form of political organization in Chinese society.
• Philosophers sought to find ways to end the conflict and create more permanent and unifiedpolitical systems.

Confucius believed that the superior men who should advise the rulers concerning government were the

• merchant class.
• shi.
• regional aristocrats.
• feudal vassals of the emperor.

Which of the following was NOT a teaching of Confucius?

• Superior men were created by education, not birth.
• Order and harmony were the result of good government.
• Social harmony depended on each person accepting his social station and tasks.
• The interests and welfare of the common people were less significant than the maintenance of the emperor’s authority.

Which of the following best represents the thinking of Mencius?

• Humans were by nature inclined to goodness and ought to be ruled so that their goodness could develop. 
• Humans were by nature evil and ought to be ruled by an authoritarian government. 
• Humans should retreat from society and seek oneness with nature.
• Government should be rigorous and based on strict laws harshly executed.

Daoism was developed by the philosopher: 

• Confucius
• Mencius
• Xunzi
• Laozi

The founder of the Legalist school of political philosophy was 

• Sunzi
• Laozi
• Shang Yang
• Wang Mang

What emperor was responsible for the reunification of China after the collapse of the Zhou?a.  b. c.  d. 

• Han Wudi
• Liu Bang
• Shi Huangdi
• Shang Yang

What was the attitude of Han Wudi and subsequent emperors toward the regional aristocracy and the shi?

• The Han Emperors attempted to undercut the authority of the regional aristocracy and place power in the hands of appointed shi governors.
• They restored the strength of the regional states in the hands of feudal lords.
• The dynastic feudal lords were destroyed but replaced by members of the Han family in order to prevent the growing authority of the shi.
• Both feudal lords and shi were replaced in the Han administration by salaried military commanders from the army.