AP Biology- Chapter 13-15

Protein synthesis takes place in two parts:

• Transcription then translation
• Replication then transcription
• Translation then transcription
• Replication then translation

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA, which of the following will be found? 

• A = C 
•  A = G and C = T 
• A + C = G + T 
• G + C = T + A

What is the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to protein? (Central Dogma)

• RNA to DNA to protein
• DNA to RNA to protein
• protein to DNA to RNA
• RNA to protein to DNA

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which of these nitrogenous bases is NOT in DNA?

• Uracil
• Thymine
• Cytosine
• Guanine

What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA?

• The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands.
• One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.
• The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand.
• Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands

Which scientist(s) mixed a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form?

• Griffith
• Watson & Crick 
• Meselson & Stahl
• Chargaff

What is the function of telomeres on a DNA strand?

• They are used as a recognition site for DNA helicase to bond & begin "unzipping" the strand for replication.
• They bond the Okazaki fragments together forming a continuous replication of DNA on the lagging strand.
• When cell continually replicate, the DNA gets shorter so by adding telomeres to the ends of DNA, they extend the life of a cell.
• They help untangle the DNA strand prior to DNA helicase's arrival to unzip the DNA strand, readying it for replication.

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following?

• The same codons in different organisms translate into the different amino acids.
• A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.
• There is no redundancy in the genetic code
• DNA was the first genetic material.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?

• It catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres.
• It synthesizes RNA nucleotides to make a primer.
• It unwinds the parental double helix.
• It joins Okazaki fragments together.

RNA is read in sections called:

• Triplets
• Genes
• Codons
• SNuRPs