Protein Synthesis and Mutations Review Page 2

The function of transfer RNA (tRNA) is to:

• transport amino acids to messenger RNA

• provide a template for the synthesis of mRNA

• synthesize more tRNA molecules

• transport amino acids to DNA in the nucleus

Which statement best describes the relationship between the terms chromosomes, genes, and nuclei?

• Chromosomes are found on genes. Genes are found in nuclei.

• Chromosomes are found in nuclei. Nuclei are found in genes.

• Genes are found on chromosomes. Chromosomes are found in nuclei.

• Genes are found in nuclei. Nuclei are found in chromosomes.

All cells contain the same genetic information. Why can't cells other than stem cells differentiate into various tissues?

• As cells develop their genetic makeup changes.

• Stem cells are the only cells that can be implanted.

• As cells develop some genes are turned off permanently.

• Stem cells are the only cells that do not have an X or Y chromosome and can therefore go into either a male or female.

DNA passes information to RNA during the process of —

• osmosis

• transcription

• translation

• active transport

Mutations in DNA molecules can occur when –

• RNA codons are replaced by DNA nucleotides

• replication of DNA is exact

• a change occurs in DNA nucleotide bases

• a DNA enzyme attaches to an RNA codon

ACGGCAUUU -> ACGGCGUU

The chain above represents three codons. Which of the following changes would be expected in the amino acid chain if the mutation shown above occurred?

• The identity of one amino acid would change.

• The amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected.

• The amino acid sequence would remain unchanged.

• The identities of more than one amino acid would change.

A deletion of a DNA base from a gene affects an organism by —

• causing chromosome fragments to form long chains

• causing future gametes to have additional chromosomes

• changing the sequence of amino acids in a protein

• changing the structure of ribose sugar in nucleic acids

The process indicated by arrow A occurs in the —

• nucleus

• mitochondria

• cytoplasm

• cell membrane

The process indicated by arrow B (in previous question) is performed by the:

• mRNA

• nucleus

• tRNA

• ribosome

Normal DNA: T-G-A-G-G-T-C-T-C-C-T-C

Mutated DNA: T-G-A-G-G-T-C-A-C-C-T-C

What type of mutation is depicted?

• Substitution

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Frameshift