7. Keystone Review #1 - Protein Synthesis & Mutations

DNA Section

A G T G C C G A C original strand

A G G C C G A C altered strand

A section of DNA in a cell is altered. Which mutation is being illustrated in the DNA section above?

• deletion

• insertion

• duplication

• nondisjunction

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which statement best describes the process by which the millions of body cells that form a housefly can all contain the same genetic information?

• Original DNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into two new cells.

• Original RNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into two new cells.

• Original DNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into four new cells.

• Original RNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into four new cells

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

A mutation occurred that caused a change in an mRNA sequence. The mRNA codon UAC was replaced by the codon UAA. Which statement describes the most likely outcome of the mutation?

• It will produce the same protein using a different set of codons.

• It will result in an incomplete protein that does not function properly

• It will cause mRNA to attach a new amino acid chain during transcription.

• It will change the bonding pattern between the amino acids joining together.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A mutation occurs at the midpoint of a gene, altering all amino acids encoded after the point of mutation. Which mutation could have produced this change?

• deletion of two nucleotides

• deletion of three nucleotides

• insertion of six nucleotides

• insertion of twelve nucleotides

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which process helps to preserve the genetic information stored in DNA during DNA replication?

• the replacement of nitrogen base thymine with uracil

• enzymes quickly linking nitrogen bases with hydrogen bonds

• the synthesis of unique sugar and phosphate molecules for each nucleotide

• nucleotides lining up along the template strand according to base pairing rules

The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells. What is one way that the rough endoplasmic reticulum assists the Golgi apparatus?

• It assembles nucleic acids from monomers.

• It breaks down old, damaged macromolecules.

• It packages new protein molecules into vesicles.

• It determines which protein molecules to synthesize.

A genetic mutation resulted in a change in the sequence of amino acids of a protein, but the function of the protein was not changed. Which statement best describes the genetic mutation?

• It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism.

• It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the phenotype of the organism.

• It was a nonsense mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism.

• It was a nonsense mutation that caused a change in the phenotype of the organism.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which type of change in chromosome composition is illustrated in the diagram?

• deletion
• insertion
• inversion
• translocation

What must be transmitted to new DNA strands during replication to maintain genetic information?

• individual atoms from existing DNA strands

• individual sugars from existing DNA strands

• the sequence of bases from existing DNA strands

• the sequence of phosphates from existing DNA strands

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which statement best describes the event shown in the diagram?

• Glucose is being synthesized in the chloroplast using nitrogen from plants.

• Amino acid monomers are joining together to form a protein macromolecule.

• A polymer in the nucleus is being broken into its individual monomer subunits.

• Lipid molecules are forming fatty acid chains in a dehydration synthesis reaction.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6