Absolutism and the Enlightenment

The English Bill of Rights

• created a constitutional monarchy.

• resolved all of England's seventeenth-century religious questions.

• reaffirmed the divine-right theory of kingship while limiting the king's power.

• confirmed the king's right to raise standing armies without parliamentary consent.

The enlightened legal reforms expressed by Catherine the Great in her Instruction

• succeeded in abolishing serfdom in all of Russia.

• succeeded in establishing an equal system of law for all Russian citizens.

• instigated changes in Russian government that sapped the power of the old nobility.

• supported equality before the law, questioned serfdom, torture and capital punishment.

The series of noble revolts known as the Fronde resulted in

• the assassination of Cardinal Mazarin in 1661.

• renewed power for the Parliament of Paris.

• Louis XIV moving the seat of French government from Paris to Versailles.

• a unified noble army securing and increasing its own power.

Louis XIV restructured the policy-making machinery of the French government by

• requiring nobles to live at Versailles while excluding them from real political power.

• filling the royal council with his supporters.

• requiring Huguenots convert to Catholicism, leave France or be punished.

• all of these are correct.

During the reign of Charles I of England,

• the English Civil War occurred.

• Oliver Cromwell emerged as the new military leader.

• Parliament was dissolved.

• he was so well liked that his monarchy became known as the Restoration.

The incident that prompted the nobles to depose James II was

• the birth of a Catholic son.

• a religious alliance with France.

• his marriage to the Duchess of Orange.

• the death of his first wife.

Which of the following statements best applies to Peter the Great of Russia?

• Even though he desired to teach Russians western customs, he could only enforce his ideas among the old-fashioned nobles.

• His program of modernization was predominantly technical and aimed at modernizing the military while securing a sea port to make Russia a real military power.

• His respect for eastern governments led to increased powers for the Duma/Russian parliament.

• His traditional, conservative attitude stripped away all previous social gains for women.

The economic theory based on a country's ability to export more goods than import which contributed to the rise of absolutism was

• capitalism.

• laissez faire economics.

• mercantilism.

• socialism.

The economic policies of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV's controller general of finances

• could best be described as laissez-faire.

• were noted for their innovation and originality.

• used new accounting practices to take the tax burden off the peasants.

• were dedicated to increasing revenue through taxes and the selling of public offices.

In Rousseau's The Social Contract, he expressed his belief that

• a child was a small adult with all the same abilities and obligations.

• the individual's will is the most important.

• government was necessary to protect the rights of its citizens, but may be overthrown.

• government was an evil that should be totally eliminated.